EG1980 Proceedings (Technical Papers)

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APPLICATIONS OF AN INTERACTIVE VECTOR GRAPHICS SYSTEM TO CHEMISTRY
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) WEBER, J.; BERNARDINELLI, G.; COMBREMONT, J.J.; ROCH, M.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper describes several applications to chemistry of a computer graphics equipment based on a mini-computer and an interactive vector graphics system. After a presentation of the hardware and software available, the following application programs are described and illustrated: (i) 3D visualization of molecular systems, with possible use of a windowing procedure for enlarging part of the structure; (ii) representation of dynamic processes in molecules; (iii) visualization of molecular properties derived from quantum chemical calculations. These applications, which fully exploit the potentialities of the relatively sophisticated equipment, have been developed in order to provide an adequate audio-visual support for teaching chemistry.
C. G .A. L.
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Comninos, Peter; Webster, Graeme; C. E. Vandoni
C.G.A.L. stands for Computer Graphics and Animation Language, and as its name implies, it is a computer language especially designed to help the user produce still and animated pictures with a Digital Computer. The major design objective of this language was to allow non-programmers to communicate with the computer and to instruct it to produce Graphic Output for them.
A CAD - SYSTEM FOR INTERACTIVE GRAPHICAL HANDLING OF HIERARCHICAL BLOCK DIAGRAM INFORMATION
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Leinemann, Klaus; C. E. Vandoni
The CAD - system named GRIMBI is designed to support the functional modelling of large engineering systems. GRIMBI includes a data definition facility, to define model classes functionally and graphically. The data manipulation facility allows for structured modelling by stepwise refinement or abstraction according to known block diagram techniques. Besides batch modelling, GRIMBI supports interactive design by delegating graphic and communication tasks to an intelligent graphic terminal. GRIMBI checks the designer input for validity and completeness.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND ARCHITECTURE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Rogers, Gary; C. E. Vandoni
Because computer-generated architectural drawings derive from common data bases, they can be more useful than those drawn manually. Beyond viewing functions, other operations (such as financial, spatial, and thermal analyses) can be applied to the computer-based model. The development of relevant input procedures and a coherent theory and methodology for computer aided design will make computer graphics more accessible to architects. This paper describes a continuing effort to accomplish such a development.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS APPLIED TO HUMAN MOTION ANALYSIS AND BODY FORCE EVALUATION
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Iwata, Kazuaki; Moriwaki, Toshimichi; Kawano, Tsuneo; C. E. Vandoni
The human body motions during standing up and sitting down from/to a chair are analyzed employing a minicomputer system equipped with a graphic tablet and CRT displays. A two-dimensional mathematical model of the human body is developed and its equa-tions of motions are solved to evaluate forces and torques acting at each body joint. The computer graphics are successfully utilized throughout the study in an interactive manner. The effect of aging upon the body motion is also discussed.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS IN MULTIPLE MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Ae, Tadashi; Takahashi, Koichi; Chiba, Haruyoshi; Ito, Tsurumi; C. E. Vandoni
In this paper we propose a method to implement the moving patterns which are consecutively related in a small computer system. Suppose that the patterns are constructed of many block elements. A pattern is derived by the operation ( such as AND, OR, EXOR, MOVE, ZOOM, ROTATE,. .. ), with another pattern if it is required as operand. The parallel execution on a multiple microprocessor system is also discussed.
COMPUTROL IN FLIGHT SIMULATION
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Ranjbaran, Sam E.; Swallow, Ron J.; C. E. Vandoni
Computrol is a prototype computer image generator being developed by Advanced Technology Systems, a division of the Austin Company. Its high speed architecture, and allocation of certain image generation functions to hard- ware, result in handling over 40,000 edges in real-time (30 Hz frame rate). It is used in flight simulation for pilot training in take-off, airborne, landing and gaming maneuvers. The major characterists of this computer and its application in flight simulation is described in this paper.
CONSIDERATIONS ON EXTENSIONS OF INPUT FUNCTIONS BASED ON A GRAPHICAL KERNEL SYSTEM
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Hillebrand, K.; Weiss, J.; C. E. Vandoni
The German DIN-Proposal for Graphic Systems provides five classes of input types and three different methods of reading them. In this paper considerations are made on providing a much more powerful interface for the application program than specified in the standard. The basic idea is a user-definable syntax which can be dedicated to every application program under automatic run-time control. One important point is the obviously increased user aid. Last but not least the different implementation methods (central and decentral) are discussed under these aspects.
THE DESIGN OF A GENERAL-PURPOSE COMMAND INTERPRETER FOR GRAPHICAL MAN-MACHINE COMMUNICATION TO BE BUILT ON TOP OF A GKS
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Borufka, H.G.; Pfaff, G.; C. E. Vandoni
A model of a general purpose graphical command interpreter (KI) is presented. It is based on the graphical kernel system (GKS) and provides the user with the most common set of commands for solving graphical problems in a dialogue process. Functions for dialogue leading, echoing, error and help messages, editing, and correcting data support interactive working. GKS is demonstrated to be a most suitable graphical basis system for the requirements of the command interpreter. This paper attends to the problems of man-machine communication. Tasks of an operator (as the user or controller of the system) and of an author (as the definator of the application system) as well as the system support of both of them are considered. To adapt the system to the various requirements, tools for extension are provided.
DRAW - A GRAPHICAL PROGRAM WITH THE ABILITY TO DRAW CHEMICAL FORMULAE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Bicknell, Keith; C. E. Vandoni
DRAW is a program that allows the user to produce diagrams on the incremental plotter or other graphical display devices by means of simple instructions. Particular requirements for chemical formulae have been catered for, and the user can build up a 'library' of structures which can be recalled and drawn with the necessary transformations. Sets of instructions can be stored as macros and used with the necessary modifications.
Easy to Use Graph Drawing Procedures in ALGOL 68
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Butland, S. D.; Butland, J.; Vandoni, C. E.
An ALGOL68 implementation of a comprehensive set of graph drawing procedures is described. The procedures are designed to enable scientists and engineers writing programs in ALGOL68 to produce a wide range of graphs with little programming effort. The ALGOL68 implementation of the package is compared with the FORTRAN versions and is found to be simpler to use. A description is given of the implementation of the package on a CDC 7600 machine. The package is built on the original FORTRAN subroutines which provide well tested error-free graph drawing software. The programmer, however, only needs to be aware of the much simpler interface provided by ALGOL68.
F.I.R.S.T., A HIGH RESOLUTION RASTER SCAN DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR INTERACTIVE LAYOUT OF TEXT AND FIGURES
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Röthlisberger, H.; Rakotomalala, J.; C. E. Vandoni
F.I.R.S.T. (Fast Interactive Raster scan workSTation) is designed as a low cost high performance display for interactive applications. Low cost is achieved by using dynamic memories, and high performance implies a high resolution (at least 500x 700) together with fast update rate (an image in a few seconds). Speed is achieved using a distributed architecture; several function generators, such as a character generator and a vector generator, perform the scan conversion. They are connected to the frame buffer by a fast standard pixel bus transmitting one pixel (picture element) in 500 ns. Greyscale or color monitors will require the addition of a few memory planes.
FAST COLOUR RASTER GRAPHICS USING AN ARRAY PROCESSOR
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Walsby, Anthony M.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper shows how an array processor technique can be used as the basis of an animated (fast) colour raster display. It is amenable to expansion for more colours, greater speed and resolution, and large scale integration techniques because of the regularity and low interconnectivity of an array. This technique could bring the speed and display file advantages of vector graphics to colour raster graphics at a reasonable price.
GENERATION OF COMPLEX 3D FINITE ELEMENT MESHES ON TURNKEY GRAPHIC SYSTEMS
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Altimimi, K.; C. E. Vandoni
This paper outlines a new approach to finite element mesh generation that has been developed at Perkins Engines on a Computervision CADDS III system. Unlike other finite element mesh generation packages, PEPFEM - G (Perkins Engines Package for Finite Elements Mesh Generation) is designed in such a way as to make it possible to <br>a) Generate complex 3D FE meshes with the minimum of data handling by the user. the user of the time consuming task of node numbering and element definition in terms of node numbers.<br>b) The user is free to use all the host graphic system commands in preparing and checking the "drawing" of the mesh.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE ODYSSEY PROJECT
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Teicholz, E.; Nisen, B.; C. E. Vandoni
There are numerous public and private agencies that are currently creating geographic (location specific) data. These agencies include the Census Bureau (County DIME, Urban Atlas, DIME files), the United States Geological Survey (Land Use Series), the Central Intelligence Agency (World Data Banks I and II), NASA (LANDSAT), the Soil Conservation Service (soil surveys) and others. In addition, there are an increasing number of commerical service bureaus offering geographically referenced data. A major problem facing planners, resource analysts, marketing analysts, mathematical geographers and others is the ability to combine these different coverages into a common data base (population, land use, sales areas, zoning districts, etc.), and the ability to comparethese irregular coverages by means of the analytical process of polygon overlay in order to create a composite coverage. This latter task would give the analyst the ability to display a map of, for example, employed persons between the ages of 40 and 50, paying between $2000 and $3000 in real estate taxes and aggregated to congressional districts. The ODYSSEY project of the Harvard Geographic Information System was designed to respond to these problems. ODYSSEY is an open-ended series of program modules that interactively create, manipulate, edit and display geographic data. More specifically, the ODYSSEY programs create data bases by integrating data from a variety of sources, enabling the manipulation of a data base (along with its associated attributes), performing analytic tasks on the data, such as polygon overlay, and displaying the results as colored or black and white thematic maps.
THE GHOST-80 INTERACTIVE METAFILE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Prior, W.A.J.; Sutherland, R.J.; C. E. Vandoni
In an interactive graphics environment, a random-access metafile has advantages over the usual serial type. A description is given of the use of such an interactive metafile in the GHOST-80 graphics system, together with details of the structure of the file and its data.
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION FOR DATA ANALYSIS IN PARTICLE PHYSlCS EXPERIMENTS : THE HBOOK / HPLOT PACKAGE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Brun, R.; Palazzi, P.; C. E. Vandoni
HBOOK is a subroutine package to handle statistical distributions (histograms and scatter plots) in a FORTRAN scientific computation environment. It presents results graphically on the line printer, and can optionally draw them on graphic output devices via the HPLOT subpackage.
IMAGE MODELING ASPECTS OF NON-PROCEDURAL PARALLEL PROCESSING LANGUAGE
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Enornoto, Hajime; Yonezaki, Naoki; Miyamura, Isao; C. E. Vandoni
Fundamental framework of image data modeling for image description and related high level non-procedural language are presented, Structure lines are introduced as invariant features of image to describe structure of images. To specify such structured features and processes to obtain them, we give general principles for non-procedural specification, that is. separation of definition and control. A non-procedural parallel processing language employing this principle is also introduced with examples.
INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS IN COMPUTER-AIDED DECISION ANALYSIS
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) Carpano, Marie-Jose; Leduc-Leballeur, Andre; C. E. Vandoni
Two systems for computer-aided decision analysis are presented. In both of them the man-machine communication is achieved through graphical displays. The first one has been designed to facilitate interactive structural systems analysis. It permits us to automatically display a picture of the system on a CRT. The picture has the form of a hierarchized graph with a reasonably small number of edge-crossings. The second one has been conceived for the interactive construction of project networks and subsequent visualization of the critical path.
KISS - AN EXPERIMENT IN THE DESIGN OF IMAGE SYNTHESIS SYSTEMS
(The Eurographics Association, 1980) GRAVE, M.; C. E. Vandoni
During the last years, raster graphics have become more and more important, and there is a need in developing a new generation of graphic systems. In this paper a first experiment designed as a "raster extension" to an existing line-drawing system is presented. Some drawbacks of such an extension are shown, and then the main lines of an experimental system, designed around a frame buffer structure, are presented.

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