GCH 2017 - Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/2631771

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From Paper to Web: Automatic Generation of a Web-Accessible 3D Repository of Pottery Types
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Dellepiane, Matteo; Callieri, Marco; Banterle, Francesco; Arenga, Domenico; Zallocco, Massimo; Scopigno, Roberto; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
3D web repositories are a hot topic for the research community in general. In the Cultural Heritage (CH) context, 3D repositories pose a difficult challenge due to the complexity and variability of models and to the need of structured and coherent metadata for browsing and searching. This paper presents one of the efforts of the ArchAIDE project: to create a structured and semantically-rich 3D database of pottery types, usable by archaeologists and other communities. For example, researchers working on shape-based analysis and automatic classification. The automated workflow described here starts from pages of a printed catalog, extracts the textual and graphical description of a pottery type, and processes those data to produce structured metadata information and a 3D representation. These information are then ingested in the database, where they become accessible by the community using dynamically-created web presentation pages, showing in a common context: 3D, 2D and metadata information.
Automatic Transfer of Landmarks on Human Skulls using GPU-based Non-rigid Registration
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Innmann, Matthias; Erhardt, Philipp; Schütz, Daniel; Greiner, Günther; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
In this work, we present a novel approach to automatically transfer landmarks from a template mesh of a human skull to other meshes obtained via 3D scanning. Since previous methods rely on user input or only work on a subset of the data, these algorithms are not suited for large databases. Our system is designed to work for arbitrary meshes of human skulls, i.e. having artifacts like incomplete geometry or being non-watertight. Since the input data has no common orientation, we first apply a rigid coarse registration followed by a refinement. Afterwards, the remaining geometric deviation is removed by non-rigidly deforming one mesh into the other. With this precise geometric mapping, arbitrary landmarks can be transferred easily. To ensure efficient computation, we use a highly optimized GPU implementation to solve arising optimization problems. We apply our method to a dataset consisting of 1200 models acquired via structured light scanning and evaluate its accuracy on a subset of these models.
Cross-modal Content-based Retrieval for Digitized 2D and 3D Cultural Heritage Artifacts
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Gregor, Robert; Mayrbrugger, Christof; Mavridis, Pavlos; Bustos, Benjamin; Schreck, Tobias; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
Digitization of Cultural Heritage (CH) Objects is indispensable for many tasks including preservation, distributions and analysis of CH content. While digitization of 3D shape and appearance is progressing rapidly, much more digitized content is available in the form of 2D images, photographs, or sketches. A key functionality for exploring CH content is the ability to search for objects of interest. Search in CH repositories is often relying on meta-data of available objects. Also, methods for searching based on content in a given modality, e.g., using image or shape descriptors, are researched. To date, few works have addressed the problem of content-based cross-modal search in both 2D and 3D object space without the requirement of meta data annotations of similar format and quality. We propose a cross-modal search approach relying on content-based similarity between 3D and 2D CH objects. Our approach converts a 3D query object into a 2D query image and then executes content-based search relying on visual descriptors. We describe our concept and show first results of our approach that were obtained on a pottery dataset. We also outline directions of future work.
Educational Virtual Reality Visualisations of Heritage Sites
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) John, David; Shaw, Lawrence; Cheetham, Paul; Manley, Harry; Stone, Aaron A.; Blakeburn, Michaela; Gosling, Karl; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
This paper discusses the use of games engines to create virtual heritage applications. The use of 3D software for cultural or heritage applications is discussed with reference to the capabilities and potential of games engines. The contribution of students from Bournemouth University to the New Forest Heritage Mapping project through the creation of interactive virtual reality visualisations of historic landscapes is described. The creation and evaluation of three different applications representing three alternative interaction styles are discussed. The first does not indicate where information can be found, the second uses visible cues and the third implements an objective marker system.
A Dashboard for the Analysis of Tangible Heritage Artefacts: a Case Study in Archaeology
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Catalano, Chiara Eva; Repetto, Andrea; Spagnuolo, Michela; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
Digital manipulation and analysis of tangible cultural objects has the potential to bring about a revolution in the way classification, stylistic analysis, and refitting of fragments are handled in the cultural heritage area: 3D modelling, processing and analysis are now mature enough to allow handling 3D digitized objects as if they were physical, and semantic models allow for a rich documentation of many different aspects of artefacts or assets of any complexity, as well as of contextual information about them. In this perspective, the paper presents the ongoing development of a software workbench which integrates several tools that can be used, combined, and customized to provide scientists with a working environment to process and analyse digital assets. The general objective is to exemplify the potential of new platforms to work on digital models beyond the simple rendering and visualization of assets. In particular, the paper presents the design of the workbench - the Dashboard - which reflects the analysis of the requirements gathered in a specific community of archaeologists and curators: the functionalities included in the case study target mostly the ReUnification, ReAssembly and ReAssociation of fragmented or dispersed cultural assets.
OpenREC: A Framework for 3D Reconstruction of Models from Photographs
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Arroyo, Germán; Martín, Domingo; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
In this paper we introduce openREC to the scientific community, an extendable framework for reconstruction of 3D models from photographs. This system provides a framework designed for archaeologist, art restorers, architects, and other professionals, hiding not relevant details from the underlying complex commands that are only suitable for expert computer scientists. There is a huge amount of free and commercial tools for photogrammetry available, but none of them are really suitable for experts in other fields different from computer science. Free tools are not free of issues due to their huge complexity - most of them are commands based -, while commercial software are under strict close-source models that hide important details of their underlying algorithms, avoiding any tunning of their parameters. This article presents the core of openREC: a complex task manager that is able to chain different sub-tasks in a transparent way for the user, and that is able to deal with remote tasks through network without the need of any specific servers.
Animating With a Self-organizing Population the Reconstruction of Medieval Mértola
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Antunes, Rui F.; Cláudio, Ana Paula; Carmo, Maria Beatriz; Correia, Luis; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
This paper provides a contribution to the field of historical simulations of the past. Throughout this document, we will describe a novel model to animate these simulations with autonomous characters exhibiting heterogeneous and spontaneous behaviours and we will discuss a case study, the simulation of the medieval village of Mértola, in the South of Portugal. We will first detail the work of construction of the urban layout. Using manual modeling combined with procedural generation, we have generated a virtual space containing some of the military structures, such as the defensive walls and the watchtower in the river, as well as some of the civilian housing inside the protection of the walls. Following, we will describe the virtual population inhabiting the space composed of autonomous individuals dressed with historical rigour. These inhabitants of the virtual city, are equipped with limited intelligence and personality traits which allows them to self-organize, interact with each other and at the local market. They communicate with their fellow citizens in the narrow streets of the village using expressive gestures and postures that convey their inner emotional states.
The ArchAIDE Project: Results and Perspectives After the First Year
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Banterle, Francesco; Dellepiane, Matteo; Evans, Tim; Gattiglia, Gabriele; Itkin, Barak; Zallocco, Massimo; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
The ArchAIDE project is a Horizon 2020 project that has the main goal to digitally support the day-to-day operations on the field of archaeologists. This allows them to reduce time and costs of delivering an accurate and quick classification of ancient pottery artifacts. To effectively reach such ambitious goal, the project has several sub-goals: (semi-)automatic digitalization of archaeological catalogs, a mobile app to be used on site for live classification of sherds with the generation of a complete potsherds identity card (ready for print), and an on-line database with real-time visualization of data. In this paper, we describe the work carried out during the first year of life of this project. The main focus is on the procedure for digitizing paper catalogs in an automatic way, and more precisely we will discuss: archeologist's methodologies, digitalization of text, vectorization of technical drawings, and shape-based classification of virtual fragments.
Accurate Soil and Mudbrick BRDF Models for Archaeological Illumination Rendering with Application to Small Finds
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Badler, Virginia; Jr., Joseph Kider; Moore, Megan; Walter, B.; Badler, Norman; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
The prevalence of mudbrick structures in the ancient world presents an unexplored opportunity for the realistic portrayal of their appearance. 3D computer models are often constructed from architectural remains to study form and function essential to understanding ancient cultures. These 3D models are usually rendered with estimated colors or photographic images for texture and color reference. Unfortunately, the reflectance properties of soil and mudbrick materials are not well captured in single view photographs. We obtained soil and mudbrick samples from a 1973 excavation of Godin Tepe in Iran and performed a Bi-Directional Reflectance Function (BRDF) capture and analysis on the mudbrick, and both wet and dry soil samples. The resulting BRDFs are used to render the soil and mudbrick interior architecture of the Godin Tepe site. We did illumination studies based on direct sunlight, skydome, and annualized sky irradiance. In a case study we test the archaeological hypothesis that small finds may be found in poorly illuminated portions of enclosed rooms. The accurate sky dome, BRDF surface appearance, and global illumination models are used to assess the applicability and validity of this concept.
Pairwise Matching of Stone Tools Based on Flake-Surface Contour Points and Normals
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Xi, Yang; Matsuyama, Katsutsugu; Konno, Kouichi; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
Stone tools constitute the main artifacts facilitating archaeological research of the Paleolithic era. The reassembly of stone tools is the most important research work for analyzing human activities of that period. In recent decades, large numbers of methods have been presented to solve various registration or matching problems for point clouds; however, few methods have been successfully applied to the matching of flakes, a type of stone tool. Therefore, we propose a new matching method for studying stone tools to improve archaeological research. Our method processes pairwise matching of stone tools based on contour points and mean normals of regions on all flake surfaces, according to the characteristics of the flake models. The sample experiments conducted in this study indicate that our new method achieves superior matching results for flakes, compared with the existing methods.
Exploiting Unbroken Surface Congruity for the Acceleration of Fragment Reassembly
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Savelonas, Michalis A.; Andreadis, Anthousis; Papaioannou, Georgios; Mavridis, Pavlos; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
Virtual reassembly problems are often encountered in the cultural heritage domain. The reassembly or "puzzling" problem is typically described as the process for the identification of corresponding pieces within a part collection, followed by the clustering and pose estimation of multiple parts that result in a virtual representation of assembled objects. This work addresses this problem with an efficient, user-guided computational approach. The proposed approach augments the typical reassembly pipeline with a smart culling step, where geometrically incompatible fragment combinations can be quickly rejected. After splitting each fragment into potentially fractured and intact facets, each intact facet is examined for prominent linear or curved structures and a heuristic test is employed to evaluate the plausibility of facet pairs, by comparing the number of feature curves associated with each facet, as well as the geometric texture of associated intact surfaces. This test excludes many pairwise combinations from the remaining part of the reassembly process, significantly reducing overall time cost. For all facet pairs that pass the initial plausibility test, pairwise registration driven by enhanced simulated annealing is applied, followed by multipart registration. The proposed reassembly approach is evaluated on real scanned data and our experiments demonstrate an increase in efficiency that ranges from 30% to more than 500% in some cases, depending on the number of culled combinations.
3D Annotation Transfer
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Scalas, Andreas; Mortara, Michela; Spagnuolo, Michela; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
In the last few years, there has been an increase in digitalization efforts within the Cultural Heritage field, which boosted the interest for new strategies to improve documentation standards. While these concepts have been largely studied for most of the CH content types, 3D data still need to be fully worked out as document types. One of the most innovative methods to glue the documentation (i.e. the semantics) of the artifacts to their geometry is to exploit the technology of the semantic web and implement the semantic annotation pipeline for 3D data. Since the 3D representation of artifacts is not a standard, and in the particular case of triangular meshes there are differences of resolutions and vertices position, there is the strong need for tools which could allow for annotation persistence between representation switch. In this paper, we present the first results in the design of an automatic algorithm for annotation transfer between triangular meshes with different resolutions, provided that they represent the same artifact.
Visualization of ERT Data for Archaeological Purposes
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Bernardes, Paulo; Alves, Mafalda; Pereira, Bruno; Madeira, Joaquim; Martins, Manuela; Fontes, Luis; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
This work presents a visualization methodology for the correct comprehension and interpretation of ERT data by archaeologists. The authors developed a methodology based not only in colour mapping and slicing techniques but also on contouring and interaction procedures, obtaining an alternative to the traditional 2D pseudosection data visualization workflows. The implementation was carried out with the Visualization Toolkit from Kitware Inc. and is illustrated using two data samples: the first one was obtained on a hillfort in Boticas (Portugal) and the second one was acquired on an urban archaeological intervention in Braga (Portugal).
Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (GCH) 2017: Frontmatter
(Eurographics Association, 2017) Schreck, Tobias; Weyrich, Tim; Sablatnig, Robert; Štular, Benjamin; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
Projecting our Past to the Future - Challenges and Results: The Case of Asinou church
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Papaefthymiou, M.; Nikolakopoulou, V.; Leventis, Georgios; Domajnko, M.; Ioannides, M.; Papagiannakis, G.; Santos, P.; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
In this paper, we present some of the novel results of the Marie Curie Initial Training Network for Digital Cultural Heritage (ITN-DCH) project, describing briefly the work done focusing on the project's first case study: the Panagia Phorviotisa of Asinou, an UNESCO World Heritage Listed (WHL) monument in Cyprus. The paper introduces some challenges and the importance of multidisciplinary, sustainable research and development in the emerging domain of DCH in Europe. The different methodologies address these challenges through a professional network of partners including Academia, Research and Industry. The paper describes the 3D documentation of the church and how the data acquired can be used and re-used in Mixed Reality (MR) applications using also Deep Learning techniques, as well as in Education.
CHER-ish: A Sketch- and Image-based System for 3D Representation and Documentation of Cultural Heritage Sites
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Rudakova, Victoria; Lin, Nathan; Trayan, Natallia; Sezgin, Tevfik Metin; Dorsey, Julie; Rushmeier, Holly; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
We present a work-in-progress report on a sketch- and image-based software called ''CHER-ish'' designed to help make sense of the cultural heritage data associated with sites within 3D space. The software is based on the previous work done in the domain of 3D sketching for conceptual architectural design, i.e., the system which allows user to visualize urban structures by a set of strokes located in virtual planes in 3D space. In order to interpret and infer the structure of a given cultural heritage site, we use a mix of data such as site photographs and floor plans, and then we allow user to manually locate the available photographs and their corresponding camera positions within 3D space. With the photographs' camera positions placed in 3D, the user defines a scene's 3D structure by the means of stokes and other simple 2D geometric entities. We introduce the main system components: virtual planes (canvases), 2D entities (strokes, line segments, photos, polygons) and provide a description of the methods that allow the user to interact with them within the system to create a scene representation. Finally, we demonstrate the usage of the system on two different data sets: a collection of photographs and drawings from Dura-Europos, and drawings and plans from Horace Walpole's Strawberry Hill villa.
Kyrenia - Hyper Storytelling Pilot Application
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Rizvic, Selma; Boskovic, Dusanka; Okanovic, Vensada; Sljivo, Sanda; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
A team of multidisciplinary experts from computer science, visual arts, literature, film directing, psychology, communicology and human computer interaction developed a new interactive digital storytelling method - hyper storytelling. Hyper storytelling offers a solution for narrative paradox in introducing motivation factor into interactive digital story. In this paper we present Kyrenia - the first hyper storytelling application. Its purpose is to introduce the Internet users with the oldest sunken ship from 280 B.C., found in 1975 near Kyrenia, Cyprus.
Multispectral RTI Analysis of Heterogeneous Artworks
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Giachetti, Andrea; Ciortan, Irina Mihaela; Daffara, Claudia; Pintus, Ruggero; Gobbetti, Enrico; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
We propose a novel multi-spectral reflectance transformation imaging (MS-RTI) framework for the acquisition and direct analysis of the reflectance behavior of heterogeneous artworks. Starting from free-form acquisitions, we compute per-pixel calibrated multi-spectral appearance profiles, which associate a reflectance value to each sampled light direction and frequency. Visualization, relighting, and feature extraction is performed directly on appearance profile data, applying scattered data interpolation based on Radial Basis Functions to estimate per-pixel reflectance from novel lighting directions. We demonstrate how the proposed solution can convey more insights on the object materials and geometric details compared to classical multi-light methods that rely on low-frequency analytical model fitting eventually mixed with a separate handling of high-frequency components, hence requiring constraining priors on material behavior. The flexibility of our approach is illustrated on two heterogeneous case studies, a painting and a dark shiny metallic sculpture, that showcase feature extraction, visualization, and analysis of high-frequency properties of artworks using multi-light, multi-spectral (Visible, UV and IR) acquisitions.
An Introductory Video Generator for Disseminating Cultural Heritage Projects
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Wang, Zeyu; Akoglu, Kiraz; Rushmeier, Holly; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
There are many different activities in cultural heritage research, such as digitization, data visualization, information analysis, and dissemination. Much effort has been made to develop better technologies for data capture and processing in cultural heritage. However, digital images and models will become less meaningful if there is not an efficient way to incorporate their cultural context. In this paper, with a focus on how to disseminate the results of cultural heritage research, we propose an introductory video generator based on the open source software CHER-Ob for shared analysis. Given a cultural heritage project, a researcher can simply generate an introductory video for others to easily understand it by selecting preferences and annotations. A series of animated shots of 2D and 3D objects will appear in a user-specified order in the video subtitled by annotations, illustrations, and maps. This idea is useful for integrating cultural and digital resources as well as providing a convenient way for researchers to disseminate cultural heritage findings to the public.
The Fabricated Diorama: Tactile Relief and Context-aware Technology for Visually Impaired Audiences
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Samaroudi, Myrsini; Echavarria, Karina Rodriguez; Song, Ran; Evans, Roger; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
The recent popularity of digital fabrication has stimulated cultural heritage professionals to utilise such technologies for a variety of processes, including the creation of digitally fabricated handling objects. The design and production of these objects or replicas, as commonly known, depends on choices that do not only limit themselves to a variety of technologies. This paper presents a focused contribution towards increasing the understanding of the heritage community on how to introduce digitally fabricated objects within context-aware museum experiences for different audiences. The purpose of the project is to enhance enjoyment, learning and appreciation of cultural and natural heritage while avoiding the ''technological fetishism'' which often appears along with the introduction of new technologies. In particular, the paper presents research focusing on the needs of visually impaired and blind audiences; it describes the development of a context-aware tactile experience within the Booth Museum in Brighton (UK); evaluates the developments with this target audience; and presents the preliminary results of the research.

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