EG2019

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Cytosplore: Interactive Visual Single-Cell Profiling of the Immune System
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Höllt, Thomas; Pezzotti, Nicola; van Unen, Vincent; Li, Na; Koning, Frits; Eisemann, Elmar; Lelieveldt, Boudewijn P. F.; Vilanova, Anna; Bruckner, Stefan and Oeltze-Jafra, Steffen
Recent advances in single-cell acquisition technology have led to a shift towards single-cell analysis in many fields of biology. In immunology, detailed knowledge of the cellular composition is of interest, as it can be the cause of deregulated immune responses, which cause diseases. Similarly, vaccination is based on triggering proper immune responses; however, many vaccines are ineffective or only work properly in a subset of those who are vaccinated. Identifying differences in the cellular composition of the immune system in such cases can lead to more precise treatment. Cytosplore is an integrated, interactive visual analysis framework for the exploration of large single-cell datasets. We have developed Cytosplore in close collaboration with immunology researchers and several partners use the software in their daily workflow. Cytosplore enables efficient data analysis and has led to several discoveries alongside high-impact publications.
Deep Learning for Computer Graphics and Geometry Processing
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Bronstein, Michael; Guibas, Leonidas; Kokkinos, Iasonas; Litany, Or; Mitra, Niloy; Monti, Federico; Rodolà, Emanuele; Jakob, Wenzel and Puppo, Enrico
In computer graphics and geometry processing, many traditional problems are now becoming increasingly handled by data-driven methods. In an increasing variety of problem settings, deep networks are state-of-the-art, beating dedicated hand-crafted methods by significant margins. This tutorial gives an organized overview of core theory, practice, and graphics-related applications of deep learning.
Visualization of Large Point Cloud in Unity
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Santana Núñez, José Miguel; Trujillo, Agustin; Ortega, Sebastián; Fusiello, Andrea and Bimber, Oliver
Large point cloud rendering has become a very relevant topic on 3D graphics as scanners and other sources of 3D point data are nowadays available to companies and the general public. In this project, we propose an implementation of a point cloud viewer, designed for the full-detail visualization of virtually unlimited point clouds for their inspection on short ranges. This work presents the data structure and the LoD technique to achieve a real-time rendering of the model, making emphasis on the details of an initial prototype based on Unity.
A Validation Tool For Improving Semantic Segmentation of Complex Natural Structures
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Pavoni, Gaia; Corsini, Massimiliano; Palma, Marco; Scopigno, Roberto; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, Eder
The automatic recognition of natural structures is a challenging task in the supervised learning field. Complex morphologies are difficult to detect both from the networks, that may suffer from generalization issues, and from human operators, affecting the consistency of training datasets. The task of manual annotating biological structures is not comparable to a generic task of detecting an object (a car, a cat, or a flower) within an image. Biological structures are more similar to textures, and specimen borders exhibit intricate shapes. In this specific context, manual labelling is very sensitive to human error. The interactive validation of the predictions is a valuable resource to improve the network performance and address the inaccuracy caused by the lack of annotation consistency of human operators reported in literature. The proposed tool, inspired by the Yes/No Answer paradigm, integrates the semantic segmentation results coming from a CNN with the previous human labeling, allowing a more accurate annotation of thousands of instances in a short time. At the end of the validation, it is possible to obtain corrected statistics or export the integrated dataset and re-train the network.
The Effects of Adaptive Synchronization on Performance and Experience in Gameplay
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Watson, Benjamin; Gavane, Ajinkya; Shrivastava, Rachit; Fusiello, Andrea and Bimber, Oliver
As graphics (GPU) hardware has improved, fixed refresh rate displays became a significant throttle on graphics performance. GPU and display manufacturers therefore introduced adaptive synchronization (Async), which allows displays to adaptively synchronize to GPUs, avoiding rendering stalls and improving frame rate mean and variation. This research is a first experimental examination of the effects of Async on the experience of dedicated (but not professional) gamers. Participants played a first-person shooter (FPS) game, both with Async on and with Async off. After each game session, we assessed participant emotional state and gaming performance. We learned that at least for this popular FPS, Async can improve gaming performance, and may also benefit experience. We also found that Async has intriguing relationships to game familiarity and years of gameplay that merit additional investigation. Further research should examine these relationships, as well as Async's effects in systems with higher frame rates.
Perceptual Characteristics by Motion Style Category
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Kim, Hye Ji; Lee, Sung-Hee; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, Eder
Motion style is important as it characterizes a motion by expressing the context of the motion such as emotion and personality. Yet, the perception and interpretation of motion styles is subjective and may vary greatly from person to person. This paper investigates the perceptual characteristics of motion styles for a wide range of styles. After categorizing the motion styles, we perform user studies to examine the diversity of interpretations of motion styles and the association level between style motions and their corresponding text descriptions. Our study shows that motion styles have different interpretation diversity and association level according to their categories. We discuss the implications of these findings and recommend a method of labeling or describing motion styles.
Voxelizing Light-Field Recordings
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Schedl, David; Kurmi, Indrajit; Bimber, Oliver; Fusiello, Andrea and Bimber, Oliver
Light fields are an emerging image-based technique that support free viewpoint navigation of recorded scenes as demanded in several recent applications (e.g., Virtual Reality). Pure image-based representations, however quickly become inefficient, as a large number of images are required to be captured, stored, and processed. Geometric scene representations require less storage and are more efficient to render. Geometry reconstruction, however, is unreliable and might fail for complex scene parts. Furthermore, view-dependent effects that are preserved with light fields are lost in pure geometry-based techniques. Therefore, we propose a hybrid representation and rendering scheme for recorded dense light fields: we extract isotropic scene regions and represent them by voxels, while the remaining areas are represented as sparse light field. In comparison to dense light fields, storage demands are reduced while visual quality is sustained.
Towards Diverse Anime Face Generation: Active Label Completion and Style Feature Network
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Li, Hongyu; Han, Tianqi; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, Eder
It is interesting to use an anime face as personal virtual image to replace the traditional sequence code. To generate diverse anime faces, this paper proposes a style-gender based anime GAN (SGA-GAN), where the gender is directly conditioned to ensure the gender differentiation, and style features serve as a condition to guarantee the style diversity. To extract style features, we train a style feature network (SFN) as a multi-task classifier to simultaneously fulfill gender classification, style classification, and image quality estimation. To make full use of available data, partly labeled or unlabeled, during the SFN training, we propose a label completion method to actively complete the missing gender or style labels. The active label completion is essentially a weakly-supervised learning process through ensembling three distinct classifiers to improve the generalization capability. Experiments verify that the active label completion can improve the model accuracy and the style feature as a condition can make better the diversity of generated anime faces.
Integrating Visualization Literacy into Computer Graphics Education Using the Example of Dear Data
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Krekhov, Andrey; Michalski, Michael; Krüger, Jens; Tarini, Marco and Galin, Eric
The amount of visual communication we are facing is rapidly increasing, and skills to process, understand, and generate visual representations are in high demand. Especially students focusing on computer graphics and visualization can benefit from a more diverse education on visual literacy, as they often have to work on graphical representations for broad masses after their graduation. Our proposed teaching approach incorporates basic design thinking principles into traditional visualization and graphics education. Our course was inspired by the book Dear Data that was the subject of a lively discussion at the closing capstone of IEEE VIS 2017. The paper outlines our 12-week teaching experiment and summarizes the results extracted from accompanying questionnaires and interviews. In particular, we provide insights into the creation process and pain points of visualization novices, discuss the observed interplay between visualization tasks and design thinking, and finally draw design implications for visual literacy education in general.
GPU Smoke Simulation on Compressed DCT Space
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Ishida, Daichi; Ando, Ryoichi; Morishima, Shigeo; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, Eder
This paper presents a novel GPU-based algorithm for smoke animation. Our primary contribution is the use of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) compressed space for efficient simulation. We show that our method runs an order of magnitude faster than a CPU implementation while retaining visual details with a smaller memory usage. The key component of our method is an on-the-fly compression and expansion of velocity, pressure and density fields. Whenever these physical quantities are requested during a simulation, we perform data expansion and compression only where necessary in a loop. As a consequence, our simulation allows us to simulate a large domain without actually allocating full memory space for it. We show that albeit our method comes with some extra cost for DCT manipulations, such cost can be minimized with the aid of a devised shared memory usage.
A Preliminary Analysis of Methods for Curvature Estimation on Surfaces With Local Reliefs
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Moscoso Thompson, Elia; Biasotti, Silvia; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, Eder
Curvature estimation is very popular in geometry processing for the analysis of local surface variations. Despite the large number of methods, no quantitative nor qualitative studies have been conducted for a comparative analysis of the different algorithms on surfaces with small geometric variations, such as chiselled or relief surfaces. In this work we compare eight curvature estimation methods that are commonly adopted by the computer graphics community on a number of triangle meshes derived from scans of surfaces with local reliefs.
Vegetable Matter Decay: An Exceptional Student 'Innovations' Project
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Anderson, Eike Falk; Cirdei, Bianca; Adzhiev, Valery; Tarini, Marco and Galin, Eric
We present an outstanding undergraduate research project that has resulted in the development of a parametrised method for simulating drying and decaying vegetable matter from the fruits category, taking into account the biological characteristics of the decaying fruit. This work was awarded 1st place in the undergraduate category of the ACM Student Research Competition at SIGGRAPH 2018.
Integrating Server-based Simulations Into Web-based Geo-applications
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Bormann, Pascal; Gutbell, Ralf; Mueller-Roemer, Johannes Sebastian; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, Eder
In this work, we present a novel approach for combining fluid simulations running on a GPU server with terrain rendered by a web-based 3D GIS system. We introduce a hybrid rendering approach, combining server-side and client-side rendering, to interactively display the results of a shallow water simulation on client devices using web technology. To display water and terrain in unison, we utilize image merging based on depth values.We extend it to deal with numerical and compression artifacts as well as Level-of-detail rendering and use Depth Image Based Rendering to counteract network latency.
Asteroid Escape: A Serious Game to Foster Teamwork Abilities
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Pratticò, Filippo Gabriele; Strada, Francesco; Lamberti, Fabrizio; Bottino, Andrea; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, Eder
Teamwork skills have become a fundamental asset in the labor market. Modern organizations are increasingly implementing team building activities, aimed to improve or assess their employees' skills. Research suggests that serious games could be promising tools capable to support the creation of engaging and effective team building experiences. However, the design and development of serious games targeting these activities is still sparse and requires further investigation. This work introduces Asteroid Escape, an immersive serious game for team building, whose design was based on theoretical models on teamwork effectiveness. Although conducted on a restricted user sample, preliminary experiments suggest that tools like the devised one could positively contribute to ongoing research and implementation efforts targeting the exploitation of technology-enhanced learning methods for the development of teamwork skills and, more in general, of so-called soft skills.
Image Recoloring Based on Object Color Distributions
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Afifi, Mahmoud; Price, Brian; Cohen, Scott; Brown, Michael S.; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, Eder
We present a method to perform automatic image recoloring based on the distribution of colors associated with objects present in an image. For example, when recoloring an image containing a sky object, our method incorporates the observation that objects of class 'sky' have a color distribution with three dominant modes for blue (daytime), yellow/red (dusk/dawn), and dark (nighttime). Our work leverages recent deep-learning methods that can perform reasonably accurate object-level segmentation. By using the images in datasets used to train deep-learning object segmentation methods, we are able to model the color distribution of each object class in the dataset. Given a new input image and its associated semantic segmentation (i.e., object mask), we perform color transfer to map the input image color histogram to a set of target color histograms that were constructed based on the learned color distribution of the objects in the image. We show that our framework is able to produce compelling color variations that are often more interesting and unique than results produced by existing methods.
A Projection Mapping System onto a Human Body for Medical Applications
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Fukuhara, Ryo; Kaneda, Kazufumi; Tamaki, Toru; Raytchev, Bisser; Higaki, Toru; Nishimoto, Soh; Sotsuka, Yohei; Fusiello, Andrea and Bimber, Oliver
In breast reconstructive surgery where patient's abdominal fat and blood vessels are transplanted to the breast, it is very important to identify the course of the blood vessels inside the abdomen. In this paper, we propose a system for projecting blood vessels extracted from computer tomography angiography (CTA) on a patient's abdominal surface to support the breast reconstructive surgery. The proposed system detects the position and orientation of a projector automatically using an image captured by a camera mounted with the projector and is able to project the exact course of the blood vessels onto an abdominal skin from an arbitrary direction. An experiment using an abdominal model fabricated from patient's CTA data with a 3D printer demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed system.
Schelling Meshes
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Power, Luther; Lau, Manfred; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, Eder
The concept of ''Schelling points'' on 3D shapes has been explored for points on the surface of a 3D mesh. In this paper, we introduce the notion of ''Schelling meshes'' which extends the Schelling concept to 3D meshes as a whole themselves. We collect Schelling-based data for meshes where participants are given a group of shapes and asked to choose those with the aim of matching with what they expect others to choose. We analyze the data by computing the Schelling frequency of each shape and characterizing the qualitative features that make a shape ''Schelling''. We show that the Schelling frequencies can be learned and demonstrate Schelling-guided shape applications.
EUROGRAPHICS 2019: CGF 38-2 STARs Frontmatter
(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2019) Giachetti, Andrea; Rushmeyer, Holly; Giachetti, Andrea and Rushmeyer, Holly
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Near-Eye Display and Tracking Technologies for Virtual and Augmented Reality
(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2019) Koulieris, George; AKSIT, KAAN; Stengel, Michael; Mantiuk, Rafał K.; Mania, Katerina; Richardt, Christian; Giachetti, Andrea and Rushmeyer, Holly
Virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) are expected to revolutionise entertainment, healthcare, communication and the manufacturing industries among many others. Near-eye displays are an enabling vessel for VR/AR applications, which have to tackle many challenges related to ergonomics, comfort, visual quality and natural interaction. These challenges are related to the core elements of these near-eye display hardware and tracking technologies. In this state-of-the-art report, we investigate the background theory of perception and vision as well as the latest advancements in display engineering and tracking technologies. We begin our discussion by describing the basics of light and image formation. Later, we recount principles of visual perception by relating to the human visual system. We provide two structured overviews on state-of-the-art near-eye display and tracking technologies involved in such near-eye displays. We conclude by outlining unresolved research questions to inspire the next generation of researchers.
Visual-auditory Representation and Analysis of Molecular Scalar Fields
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Malikova, Evgeniya; Adzhiev, Valery; Fryazinov, Oleg; Pasko, Alexander; Fusiello, Andrea and Bimber, Oliver
The work deals with a visual-auditory representation and an analysis of static and dynamic continuous scalar fields.We propose a general approach and give examples of dynamic and static objects representations related to molecular data simulations. We describe the practical application and demonstrate how the approach may help to track geometrical features.

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