EG2019
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Item A Projection Mapping System onto a Human Body for Medical Applications(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Fukuhara, Ryo; Kaneda, Kazufumi; Tamaki, Toru; Raytchev, Bisser; Higaki, Toru; Nishimoto, Soh; Sotsuka, Yohei; Fusiello, Andrea and Bimber, OliverIn breast reconstructive surgery where patient's abdominal fat and blood vessels are transplanted to the breast, it is very important to identify the course of the blood vessels inside the abdomen. In this paper, we propose a system for projecting blood vessels extracted from computer tomography angiography (CTA) on a patient's abdominal surface to support the breast reconstructive surgery. The proposed system detects the position and orientation of a projector automatically using an image captured by a camera mounted with the projector and is able to project the exact course of the blood vessels onto an abdominal skin from an arbitrary direction. An experiment using an abdominal model fabricated from patient's CTA data with a 3D printer demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed system.Item Enhanced Reconstruction of Architectural Wall Surfaces for 3D Building Models(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Michailidis, Georgios-Tsampikos; Pajarola, Renato; Fusiello, Andrea and Bimber, OliverThe reconstruction of architectural structures from 3D building models is a challenging task and a lot of research has been done in recent years. However, most of this work is focused mainly on reconstructing accurately the architectural shape of interiors rather than the fine architectural details, such as the wall elements (e.g. windows and doors). We focus specifically on this problem and propose a method that extends current solutions to reconstruct accurately severely occluded wall surfaces.Item Assessing Graphic Designers' Learning Style Profile to Improve Creative Coding Courses(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Hansen, Stig Møller; Tarini, Marco and Galin, EricThis study aimed at assessing graphic design students' preferences for learning to help design school educators teaching Creative Coding programming courses adapt their teaching style to account for the way their students learn. The Felder- Soloman Index of Learning Styles (ILS©) was administered to 77 bachelor-level graphic design students. Compared to students in technical fields, the graphic design students differed by being considerably more intuitive, with an increased preference for active and visual learning. Based on these findings, specific recommendations and issues for educators to consider are presented.Item Font Specificity(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Power, Luther; Lau, Manfred; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, EderWe explore the concept of ''image specificity'' for fonts and introduce the notion of ''font specificity''. The idea is that a font that elicits consistent descriptions from different people are more ''specific''. We collect specificity-based data for fonts where participants are given each font and asked to describe it with words. We then analyze the data and characterize the qualitative features that make a font ''specific''. Finally, we show that the notion of font specificity can be learned and demonstrate some specificity-guided applications.Item Schelling Meshes(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Power, Luther; Lau, Manfred; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, EderThe concept of ''Schelling points'' on 3D shapes has been explored for points on the surface of a 3D mesh. In this paper, we introduce the notion of ''Schelling meshes'' which extends the Schelling concept to 3D meshes as a whole themselves. We collect Schelling-based data for meshes where participants are given a group of shapes and asked to choose those with the aim of matching with what they expect others to choose. We analyze the data by computing the Schelling frequency of each shape and characterizing the qualitative features that make a shape ''Schelling''. We show that the Schelling frequencies can be learned and demonstrate Schelling-guided shape applications.Item Area Lights in Signed Distance Function Scenes(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Bán, Róbert; Bálint, Csaba; Valasek, Gábor; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, EderThis paper presents two algorithms to incorporate spherical and general area lights into scenes defined by signed distance functions. The first algorithm employs an efficient approximation to the contribution of spherical lights to direct illumination and renders them at real-time rates. The second algorithm is of superior quality at a higher computational cost which is better suited for interactive rates. Our results are compared to both real-time soft shadow algorithms and a ground truth obtained by Monte Carlo integration. We show in these comparisons that our real-time solution computes more accurate shadows while the more demanding variant outperforms Monte Carlo integration at the expense of accuracy.Item A Preliminary Analysis of Methods for Curvature Estimation on Surfaces With Local Reliefs(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Moscoso Thompson, Elia; Biasotti, Silvia; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, EderCurvature estimation is very popular in geometry processing for the analysis of local surface variations. Despite the large number of methods, no quantitative nor qualitative studies have been conducted for a comparative analysis of the different algorithms on surfaces with small geometric variations, such as chiselled or relief surfaces. In this work we compare eight curvature estimation methods that are commonly adopted by the computer graphics community on a number of triangle meshes derived from scans of surfaces with local reliefs.Item Perceptual Characteristics by Motion Style Category(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Kim, Hye Ji; Lee, Sung-Hee; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, EderMotion style is important as it characterizes a motion by expressing the context of the motion such as emotion and personality. Yet, the perception and interpretation of motion styles is subjective and may vary greatly from person to person. This paper investigates the perceptual characteristics of motion styles for a wide range of styles. After categorizing the motion styles, we perform user studies to examine the diversity of interpretations of motion styles and the association level between style motions and their corresponding text descriptions. Our study shows that motion styles have different interpretation diversity and association level according to their categories. We discuss the implications of these findings and recommend a method of labeling or describing motion styles.Item Voxelizing Light-Field Recordings(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Schedl, David; Kurmi, Indrajit; Bimber, Oliver; Fusiello, Andrea and Bimber, OliverLight fields are an emerging image-based technique that support free viewpoint navigation of recorded scenes as demanded in several recent applications (e.g., Virtual Reality). Pure image-based representations, however quickly become inefficient, as a large number of images are required to be captured, stored, and processed. Geometric scene representations require less storage and are more efficient to render. Geometry reconstruction, however, is unreliable and might fail for complex scene parts. Furthermore, view-dependent effects that are preserved with light fields are lost in pure geometry-based techniques. Therefore, we propose a hybrid representation and rendering scheme for recorded dense light fields: we extract isotropic scene regions and represent them by voxels, while the remaining areas are represented as sparse light field. In comparison to dense light fields, storage demands are reduced while visual quality is sustained.Item Visual-auditory Representation and Analysis of Molecular Scalar Fields(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Malikova, Evgeniya; Adzhiev, Valery; Fryazinov, Oleg; Pasko, Alexander; Fusiello, Andrea and Bimber, OliverThe work deals with a visual-auditory representation and an analysis of static and dynamic continuous scalar fields.We propose a general approach and give examples of dynamic and static objects representations related to molecular data simulations. We describe the practical application and demonstrate how the approach may help to track geometrical features.Item A Review of Digital Terrain Modeling(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2019) Galin, Eric; Guérin, Eric; Peytavie, Adrien; Cordonnier, Guillaume; Cani, Marie-Paule; Benes, Bedrich; Gain, James; Giachetti, Andrea and Rushmeyer, HollyTerrains are a crucial component of three-dimensional scenes and are present in many Computer Graphics applications. Terrain modeling methods focus on capturing landforms in all their intricate detail, including eroded valleys arising from the interplay of varied phenomena, dendritic mountain ranges, and complex river networks. Set against this visual complexity is the need for user control over terrain features, without which designers are unable to adequately express their artistic intent. This article provides an overview of current terrain modeling and authoring techniques, organized according to three categories: procedural modeling, physically-based simulation of erosion and land formation processes, and example-based methods driven by scanned terrain data. We compare and contrast these techniques according to several criteria, specifically: the variety of achievable landforms; realism from both a perceptual and geomorphological perspective; issues of scale in terms of terrain extent and sampling precision; the different interaction metaphors and attendant forms of user-control, and computation and memory performance. We conclude with an in-depth discussion of possible research directions and outstanding technical and scientific challenges.Item Visualization of Large Point Cloud in Unity(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Santana Núñez, José Miguel; Trujillo, Agustin; Ortega, Sebastián; Fusiello, Andrea and Bimber, OliverLarge point cloud rendering has become a very relevant topic on 3D graphics as scanners and other sources of 3D point data are nowadays available to companies and the general public. In this project, we propose an implementation of a point cloud viewer, designed for the full-detail visualization of virtually unlimited point clouds for their inspection on short ranges. This work presents the data structure and the LoD technique to achieve a real-time rendering of the model, making emphasis on the details of an initial prototype based on Unity.Item A Validation Tool For Improving Semantic Segmentation of Complex Natural Structures(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Pavoni, Gaia; Corsini, Massimiliano; Palma, Marco; Scopigno, Roberto; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, EderThe automatic recognition of natural structures is a challenging task in the supervised learning field. Complex morphologies are difficult to detect both from the networks, that may suffer from generalization issues, and from human operators, affecting the consistency of training datasets. The task of manual annotating biological structures is not comparable to a generic task of detecting an object (a car, a cat, or a flower) within an image. Biological structures are more similar to textures, and specimen borders exhibit intricate shapes. In this specific context, manual labelling is very sensitive to human error. The interactive validation of the predictions is a valuable resource to improve the network performance and address the inaccuracy caused by the lack of annotation consistency of human operators reported in literature. The proposed tool, inspired by the Yes/No Answer paradigm, integrates the semantic segmentation results coming from a CNN with the previous human labeling, allowing a more accurate annotation of thousands of instances in a short time. At the end of the validation, it is possible to obtain corrected statistics or export the integrated dataset and re-train the network.Item Cytosplore: Interactive Visual Single-Cell Profiling of the Immune System(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Höllt, Thomas; Pezzotti, Nicola; van Unen, Vincent; Li, Na; Koning, Frits; Eisemann, Elmar; Lelieveldt, Boudewijn P. F.; Vilanova, Anna; Bruckner, Stefan and Oeltze-Jafra, SteffenRecent advances in single-cell acquisition technology have led to a shift towards single-cell analysis in many fields of biology. In immunology, detailed knowledge of the cellular composition is of interest, as it can be the cause of deregulated immune responses, which cause diseases. Similarly, vaccination is based on triggering proper immune responses; however, many vaccines are ineffective or only work properly in a subset of those who are vaccinated. Identifying differences in the cellular composition of the immune system in such cases can lead to more precise treatment. Cytosplore is an integrated, interactive visual analysis framework for the exploration of large single-cell datasets. We have developed Cytosplore in close collaboration with immunology researchers and several partners use the software in their daily workflow. Cytosplore enables efficient data analysis and has led to several discoveries alongside high-impact publications.Item Asteroid Escape: A Serious Game to Foster Teamwork Abilities(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Pratticò, Filippo Gabriele; Strada, Francesco; Lamberti, Fabrizio; Bottino, Andrea; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, EderTeamwork skills have become a fundamental asset in the labor market. Modern organizations are increasingly implementing team building activities, aimed to improve or assess their employees' skills. Research suggests that serious games could be promising tools capable to support the creation of engaging and effective team building experiences. However, the design and development of serious games targeting these activities is still sparse and requires further investigation. This work introduces Asteroid Escape, an immersive serious game for team building, whose design was based on theoretical models on teamwork effectiveness. Although conducted on a restricted user sample, preliminary experiments suggest that tools like the devised one could positively contribute to ongoing research and implementation efforts targeting the exploitation of technology-enhanced learning methods for the development of teamwork skills and, more in general, of so-called soft skills.Item Image Recoloring Based on Object Color Distributions(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Afifi, Mahmoud; Price, Brian; Cohen, Scott; Brown, Michael S.; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, EderWe present a method to perform automatic image recoloring based on the distribution of colors associated with objects present in an image. For example, when recoloring an image containing a sky object, our method incorporates the observation that objects of class 'sky' have a color distribution with three dominant modes for blue (daytime), yellow/red (dusk/dawn), and dark (nighttime). Our work leverages recent deep-learning methods that can perform reasonably accurate object-level segmentation. By using the images in datasets used to train deep-learning object segmentation methods, we are able to model the color distribution of each object class in the dataset. Given a new input image and its associated semantic segmentation (i.e., object mask), we perform color transfer to map the input image color histogram to a set of target color histograms that were constructed based on the learned color distribution of the objects in the image. We show that our framework is able to produce compelling color variations that are often more interesting and unique than results produced by existing methods.Item Deep Learning for Computer Graphics and Geometry Processing(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Bronstein, Michael; Guibas, Leonidas; Kokkinos, Iasonas; Litany, Or; Mitra, Niloy; Monti, Federico; Rodolà , Emanuele; Jakob, Wenzel and Puppo, EnricoIn computer graphics and geometry processing, many traditional problems are now becoming increasingly handled by data-driven methods. In an increasing variety of problem settings, deep networks are state-of-the-art, beating dedicated hand-crafted methods by significant margins. This tutorial gives an organized overview of core theory, practice, and graphics-related applications of deep learning.Item Mapping Creative Coding Courses: Toward Bespoke Programming Curricula in Graphic Design Education(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Hansen, Stig Møller; Tarini, Marco and Galin, EricThis paper presents a study of 30 syllabi gathered from introductory Creative Coding programming courses. A selection of the results concerning the courses' structure and content is presented and discussed. The majority of the analyzed courses exhibited evidence of being planned to adapt and submit graphic design topics to programming paradigms. Also, topics and algorithms of particular value to graphic design as a spatial practice were absent in many courses. Finally, most courses did not investigate visual output that is achievable only through computation. The present study argues that educators must adapt their Creative Coding syllabi and teaching materials to make programming meet the needs of graphic designers rather than the other way around. The findings in this paper provide a point of departure for a critical discussion among educators who wish to integrate programming in graphic design education.Item EUROGRAPHICS 2019: CGF 38-2 STARs Frontmatter(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2019) Giachetti, Andrea; Rushmeyer, Holly; Giachetti, Andrea and Rushmeyer, Holly-Item Integrating Server-based Simulations Into Web-based Geo-applications(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Bormann, Pascal; Gutbell, Ralf; Mueller-Roemer, Johannes Sebastian; Cignoni, Paolo and Miguel, EderIn this work, we present a novel approach for combining fluid simulations running on a GPU server with terrain rendered by a web-based 3D GIS system. We introduce a hybrid rendering approach, combining server-side and client-side rendering, to interactively display the results of a shallow water simulation on client devices using web technology. To display water and terrain in unison, we utilize image merging based on depth values.We extend it to deal with numerical and compression artifacts as well as Level-of-detail rendering and use Depth Image Based Rendering to counteract network latency.