EUROGRAPHICS Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage - Short and Project Papers 2014

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Towards a Query-driven Heritage-data Visualization Tool
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Williams, Lee F.; Roberts, Jonathan C.; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
Many heritage organisations hold databases that contain many millions of records. These are huge datasets that store historic records and often focus on sites and monuments; especially sites of archaeological and historic importance. This data is often placed online, but, especially for research purposes there is a need and opportunity to analyse, interact and visualize this data in new ways. In this paper we present an initial prototype to create an advanced query tool, that can represent and visualize Heritage Environment Record data. We discuss the potential of this tool over conventional methods and present future developments.
Master-hand Attributions of Classical Greek Sculptors by 3D-Analysis at Olympia - Some Preliminary Remarks
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Patay-Horváth, András; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
The sculptural decoration of the temple of Zeus at Olympia is nowadays generally considered as one of the most important and most magnificent works of ancient Greek art. The fragments have been thoroughly studied since their discovery in the 1880's, but they still pose some important questions. Perhaps the most difficult and the most distressing problem regards the identity of the master(s) of these works. Despite the high artistic quality and their excellent workmanship, nobody really knows, who the sculptor (or the sculptors) of these pieces actually was (were) and where he (they) came from.
Content-based Retrieval of 3D Models using Generative Modeling Techniques
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Grabner, Harald; Ullrich, Torsten; Fellner, Dieter W.; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
In this paper we present a novel 3D model retrieval approach based on generative modeling techniques. In our approach generative models are created by domain experts in order to describe 3D model classes. These generative models span a shape space, of which a number of training samples is taken at random. The samples are used to train content-based retrieval methods. With a trained classifier, techniques based on semantic enrichment can be used to index a repository. Furthermore, as our method uses solely generative 3D models in the training phase, it eliminates the cold start problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by testing it against the Princeton shape benchmark.
Lean In or Lean Back? Aspects on Interactivity & Mediation in handheld Augmented Reality in the Museum
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Keil, Jens; Engelke, Timo; Schmitt, Michael; Bockholt, Ulrich; Pujol, Laia; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
With the idea to design augmented reality experiences that attract and inform, and which are also seamlessly incorporated into interactive museum narratives, this paper explores finding the appropriate balance between attraction, interactivity and information mediation from the user's point of view. Within the scope of research project CHESS, we've implemented techniques that fuse interaction and mediation to enrich visits to cultural institutions by visual means and AR specific interactions. While it is AR's wow-effect that attracts, our findings show that users far too often struggle to cope with the system and interactivity instead of focusing on the information presentation in AR. We discuss our results of finding the right balance between interactive (lean-in) and non-interactive (lean-back) presentation and interaction techniques in AR.
The LEAP Project: a New Approach to the (Re)Presentation of the Past by Means of Virtual Reality
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Pujol, Laia; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
This poster presents the goals and implications of the recently started EU funded project {LEAP]. This two-year research endeavour aims to build and test an innovative theoretical and methodological framework for Virtual Archaeology, based on a redefinition of the HCI concept of Cultural Presence.
IBISA: Making Image-Based Identification of Ancient Coins Robust to Lighting Conditions
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Marchand, Sylvain; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
The IBISA (Image-Based Identification/Search for Archaeology) system manages databases of digital images of archaeological objects, e.g. ancient coins, and allows the user to perform searches by examples. IBISA was de- signed to help the user decide, from their images, if two objects (coins) are either the same, come from the same matrix (die), share resemblance in style, or are completely different. The system searches for similarities in the databases using a registration method that must be resilient to the viewing conditions. Based on the Fourier trans- form, it cancels rigid transforms among images. Sub-pixel accuracy can be achieved with a very simple technique. However lighting conditions remain an issue. Fortunately, it is possible to extend this registration method to a light-independent model, considering the elevation or normal maps instead of intensity. The model is also useful for interactive visualization and museography. Although this model registration is now resilient to all viewing conditions, it is not practical in real scenarios where the target is a single image, from which a model can hardly be derived. Finally, a hybrid approach is investigated, with a target image but a model of the reference. It is more realistic, resilient to light conditions, gives excellent results with translations, but shows limitations for rotations.
Cloud-based 3D Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage Monuments using Open Access Image Repositories
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Hadjiprocopis, Andreas; Wenzel, Konrad; Rothermel, Mathias; Ioannides, Marinos; Fritsch, Dieter; Klein, Michael; Johnsons, Paul S.; Weinlinger, Guenther; Doulamis, Anastasios; Protopapadakis, Eftychios; Kyriakaki, Georgia; Makantasis, Kostas; Fellner, Dieter W.; Stork, Andre; Santos, Pedro; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
A large number of photographs of cultural heritage items and monuments is publicly available in various Open Access Image Repositories (OAIR) and social media sites. Metadata inserted by camera, user and host site may help to determine the photograph content, geo-location and date of capture, thus allowing us, with relative success, to localise photos in space and time. Additionally, developments in Photogrammetry and Computer Vision, such as Structure from Motion (SfM), provide a simple and cost-effective method of generating relatively accurate camera orientations and sparse and dense 3D point clouds from 2D images. Our main goal is to provide a software tool able to run on desktop or cluster computers or as a back end of a cloud-based service, enabling historians, architects, archaeologists and the general public to search, download and reconstruct 3D point clouds of historical monuments from hundreds of images from the web in a cost-effective manner. The end products can be further enriched with metadata and published. This paper describes a workflow for searching and retrieving photographs of historical monuments from OAIR, such as Flickr and Picasa, and using them to build dense point clouds using SfM and dense image matching techniques. Computational efficiency is improved by a technique which reduces image matching time by using an image connectivity prior derived from low-resolution versions of the original images. Benchmarks for two large datasets showing the respective efficiency gains are presented.
A Large-Scale Evaluation of Correspondence-Based Coin Classification on Roman Republican Coinage
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Zambanini, Sebastian; Kampel, Martin; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
While being of great use for the numismatic community, the problem of image-based ancient coin classification has shown to be a challenging problem in the past [KZ08, Ara10, ZK12, ZKK14]. This is caused by the high number of classes, the low number of available samples per class, as well as the general conditions of ancient coins. Another critical problem is the availability of training data. Learning-based methods rely on large amounts of training data to capture the variability within classes, and it is shown in [ZKK14] that the learning-based method proposed in [Ara10] is heavily affected by a low number of training samples. Hence, the method proposed in [ZKK14] is based on a coin-to-coin similarity metric from matched local features and thus suffers less from the training data problem. Accordingly, the method clearly outperforms all previously proposed methods for ancient coin classification [KZ08,Ara10,ZK12] when only one reference coin is available per class. Although the results in [ZKK14] show the superiority of the proposed method, they are based on a 60-class dataset and it is unclear how the classification performance is influenced by much larger number of classes. In this work, we aim to fill this gap by empirically evaluating the method's performance by means of a dataset consisting of 418 coin classes.
Towards the Creation of Digital Stones from 2D Samples
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Schellewald, Christian; Perakis, Panagiotis; Theoharis, Theoharis; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
In order to decide which preservation strategies one should follow for Cultural Heritage objects made of stone, it is necessary to estimate the impact of different alternative strategies. A useful aid in such a process is the simulation of the stone degradation process. The first step in such a process is to create realistic digital representations of stones. In this work we present early efforts to create 3D voxelized representations of stones from given 2D example-textures of the desired stone-material. The process aims at the creation of 3D stone materials, consistent with 2D samples. The presented work is one part of the PRESIOUS EU project.
Facilitating Access to the Field of Geometry and Reflectance Acquisition
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Köhler, Johannes; Nöll, Tobias; Stricker, Didier; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
Documentation and presentation of cultural heritage can greatly benefit from photorealistic digitization. This field, however, is subject to ongoing research and very hard to enter for new researchers. This is mostly because a respective processing pipeline requires many steps that strongly depend on each other and thus must be fully implemented. Moreover, sophisticated acquisition hardware is expensive and usually difficult to construct due to its complexity. In this paper, we briefly summarize our ongoing work in this field. Our main contribution is a collection of datasets acquired with a state-of-the-art geometry and reflectance acquisition device. The datasets do not only include the raw scanner data, but also results of our individual processing stages. Other researchers can use this data to work on a specific task/stage without having to implement the full pipeline.
Evaluating the Curvature Analysis as a Key Feature for the Semantic Description of Architectural Elements
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Adrian, Julie; Buglio, David Lo; Luca, Livio De; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
The recent developments in the fields of photogrammetry and laser scanning, have made possible mass acquisitions of heritage artifacts with a particularly high level of geometric accuracy. A processing of the digital model will be necessary to isolate some characteristics in order to carry on an analysis of the architectural object. In this poster, the potentialities of the curvature maps, extracted from digital acquisitions, are defined to conduct the study on the morphology of architectural elements. The current work focuses on the technical and theoretical issues that will ultimately result in an average surface signature. This will allow to identify the degree of remoteness of each attribute.
Community-driven Generation of 3D and Augmented Web Content for Archaeology
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Ritsos, Panagiotis D.; Wilson, Andrew T.; Miles, Helen C.; Williams, Lee F.; Tiddeman, Bernard; Labrosse, Frédéric; Griffiths, Seren; Edwards, Ben; Möller, Katharina; Karl, Raimund; Roberts, Jonathan C.; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
Heritage sites (such as prehistoric burial cairns and standing stones) are prolific in Europe; although there is a wish to scan each of these sites, it would be time-consuming to achieve. Citizen science approaches enable us to involve the public to perform a metric survey by capturing images. In this paper, discussing work-in progress, we present our automatic process that takes the user's uploaded photographs, converts them into 3D models and displays them in two presentation platforms - in a web gallery application, using X3D/X3DOM, and in mobile augmented reality, using awe.js.
Laying the Foundations for an Information System Dedicated to Heritage Building Degradation Monitoring Based on the 2D/3D Semantic Annotation of Photographs
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Messaoudi, Tommy; Manuel, Adeline; Gattet, Eloi; Luca, Livio De; Véron, Philippe; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
In the last decade many 3D digitization techniques have emerged allowing the generation of dense and precise digital representations of historical building. However, regardless their level of geometric accuracy or visual realism, 3D models are not yet fully adapted to the conservation analysis purposes. In fact, even if a 3D model can be considered an efficient way to accurately record the state of a building, its potentiality in terms of semantic annotation and spatial distribution of heterogeneous data still remain almost unexplored today. Since several years, photographs appear to be a flexible and well diffused portable support for the heritage documentation. They are a natural medium to annotate and compare temporal states. Thanks to the recent advances in photogrammetry, computer vision and augmented reality, photographs can be also considered as an excellent support for accurate spatial localization. This article presents the first principles for the development of an information system to monitor the historic building degradation based on three main components: a high dynamic range (HDR) imagebased automatic pipeline, an hybrid (2D/3D) semantic annotation method and a domain ontology describing knowledge related to degradation phenomena. The innovative integration of these main components allows us to introduce the notion of ''informative continuum'' as a key for interconnecting spatialized and semanticallyenriched photographs to populate a knowledge base on the building degradation. The first steps of this on-going project are illustrated by an experimentation carried out on the Caromb church in the south of France.
SPIRIT - Entertaining Encounters with Ancient History
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Spierling, Ulrike; Coors, Volker; Reinhard Klein and Pedro Santos
The paper describes the ongoing project "SPIRIT", in particular the design of novel and entertaining forms of heritage communications through mobile augmented reality. The SPIRIT concept is based upon a strong storytelling metaphor. By using mobile devices (smartphones, tablets) as "magic equipment", users can meet the restless spirits of historical characters. Beyond the use of mobile technology as a guide, our system enables enjoyable experiences of interactive storytelling, involving users as players. We describe the overall technical augmented reality concept that integrates positioning and media delivery technologies and a framework for structuring interactive narrative experiences. Further, we show our first use scenario that has been developed in collaboration with a Cultural Heritage site, a reconstructed Roman fort and archaeological museum. It includes a first working demonstrator that illustrates issues to be solved as a foundation for defining future work.

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