DH2013 - Digital Heritage International Congress 2013

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Tutbury Castle : Recovering a period site
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Inman, Laurence; Morris, Phil; -
This paper proposes a method for virtual reconstruction of a ruin in three dimensions, using a number of sources. The case study that accompanies this paper shows an example of the virtual restoration of Tutbury castle in Staffordshire UK which aims to represent it as accurately as possible following previous studies on the history of the castle and archaeological digs. Autodesk Maya is used to assemble the reconstruction of the castle and try out theories where more ambiguous sources replace primary evidence, this is then rendered in Epic's UDK game engine, then displayed in a video fly-through as well as a format suitable for viewing on a website. The project successfully recreates Tutbury Castle's past architecture more accurately than previous representations using ambiguous sources including period paintings, period floor plans, archeological and topological as well as written first hand description as evidence. This could easily be repeated on other ruins with the same successful results, creating a visual documentary of the country's heritage. Using evidence from a number of sources Using 3D games technology to bring evidence together in a realistic, efficient and controllable manner.
Portrait Sculptures of Augustus: Categorization via Local Shape Comparison
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Lu, Min; Zhang, Yujin; Zheng, Bo; Masuda, Takeshi; Ono, Shintaro; Oishi, Takeshi; Sengoku-Haga, Kyoko; Ikeuchi, Katsushi; -
3D shape comparison with digital copies draws increasing attention in modern culture heritage studies. In this paper, we focus on analyzing portrait sculptures of Augustus with 3D scanned data. A feasible framework of automatic object categorization is proposed based on shape comparison, where distinguishing regions are simultaneously detected as well. High coincidence between our result and previous archaeological speculations is observed in validation experiments, which confirms the validity of the proposed method.
A User Study of the Singapore Memory Portal to Derive a Taxonomy for Content Organization
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Srieedar, J.; Khoo, Christopher S.G.; -
Many memory institutions have set up online portals to provide public access to their heritage collections. However, little is known about how such portal interfaces should be designed and how the content should be organized to support user se arching, browsing and learning. Many online cultural heritage portals adopt an organization scheme that is either content-oriented or institution-oriented rather than one that is user-oriented. This paper reports an initial user study of a cultural heritage portal called Singapore Memory Portal that was set up in Singapore to collect people's memories related to the history, culture, society, life and landscape of Singapore's past. The study sought to find out users' expectations of the content of the portal, how they search and browse the portal, and what they learn about particular historical or cultural topics from reading postings in the portal. The goal is to derive a taxonomy to organize the portals' content for browsing and learning. For this initial study, 12 Singapore citizens were interviewed, and asked to perform two search tasks on the portal and describe what they had learnt from the memory postings.
Multi-scalar 3D digitization of Cultural Heritage using a low-cost integrated approach
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Manferdini, Anna Maria; Russo, Michele; -
In the architectural survey field, one of the main aspects to consider during a 3D digitization is the multi-scalar geometrical complexity of the artifact to acquire, besides other fundamental factors connected with the different aims of communication. Since the widespread of range-sensors has provided extremely versatile instruments able to easily acquire huge amount of data that can be processed for different uses and users and changing communication aims, the possibility to survey and restore high-quality 3D multi-resolution models has become an urgent need. Despite these developments, these technologies are still very expensive, need expertise and present persistent bottlenecks both in the reverse modeling process and in time consuming. In order to overcome these critical aspects and taking advantage of recent improvements of automated image-based technologies based on the Structure from Motion approach, this contribution presents some first results of investigations on the reliability of these low-cost technologies for the 3D digitization of Cultural Heritage. One of the main aims of these investigations rely on developing a procedure that could ease the work of surveyors called to represent artifacts at an architectural scale using fast and low-cost technologies. 3D models derived using the selected low-cost image-based technologies were compared among each other and with a 3D laser scanner gold standard acquisition. These investigations led to qualitative and quantitative evaluations and to considerations on times and skills required by all tested technologies. Strengths and weaknesses are highlighted, suggesting the best solution with respect to the optimization of all considered aspects. Finally, integration of different technologies are presented, as it represents the best solution in multi-scalar contexts.
Jerusalem's Holy Mount. On Palimpsestic Places in Situated and Sensory Media
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Liestøl, Gunnar; Friedlander, Larry; -
The aim of this simulation is to provide visitors to one of the world's most contested places with a rich experience of the ties that bind the Abrahamic religions together by means of mobile augmented reality. What would we gain if people of different backgrounds and beliefs visiting the site could explore and experience this rich history on location directly and simultaneously? And, how may we provide an arena for public discourse about such experiences? The paper reports on the use of a mobile augmented reality simulation that reconstructs some of the most important structures on the central part of the Mount. This situated simulation (sitsim) shows how the various epochs and religions have occupied and exploited the same holy place. We describe our design decisions and experience thus far, and indicate further development of the application.
Improving the digitization of shape and color of 3D artworks in a cluttered environment
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Bettio, Fabio; Gobbetti, Enrico; Merella, Emilio; Pintus, Ruggero; -
We propose an approach for improving the digitization of shape and color of 3D artworks in a cluttered environment using 3D laser scanning and flash photography. In order to separate clutter from acquired material, semi-automated methods are employed to generate masks for segment the 2D range maps and the color photographs, removing unwanted 3D and color data prior to 3D integration. Sharp shadows generated by flash acquisition are trivially handled by this masking process, and color deviations introduced by the flash light are corrected at color blending time by taking into account the object geometry. The approach has been applied to, and evaluated on, a large scale acquisition campaign of the Mont'e Prama complex, an extraordinary collection of stone fragments from the Nuragic era, depicting larger-than-life archers, warriors, boxers, as well as small models of prehistoric nuraghe (cone-shaped stone towers). The acquisition campaign has covered 36 statues mounted on metallic supports, acquired at 0.25mm resolution, resulting in over 6200 range scans (over 1.3G valid samples) and 3426 10Mpixel photographs.
The patrimonialization process of advertising : from scorn and mistrust to documentary heritage, archive, and history
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Armand, Cécile; -
This short essay aims at tracing the patrimonialization process of advertising from the 19th century to nowadays. The process followed third steps. First, advertising evolved from a despised object to a valuable cultural artifact. Considered as useless or deceitful in first place, advertising has gradually managed to gain legitimacy as a useful and even necessary tool for both companies that want to sell their products and for consumers in search of information, and finally as a cultural artifact and a work of art worthy of being collected or entering museums or exhibitions (from French poster designers such as Jules Chéret or Toulouse-Lautrec to the creative revolution in the 1960s or the more recent exhibitions Goudemalion at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris in 2012). This process of recognition is mainly due to the efforts made by advertisers who participate in the profesionalization process of their activities at the time. The second and more recent step, from a cultural object to an archive, raises such sensible issues as collecting and preserving advertisements; digitization (digitized/digital-born ads; methods and tools); metadata and semantic. As a specific archive, torn between abundance and scarcity or unequal quality of data, it requires a specific literacy from archivists who need to be trained for that purpose. The case of Duke University will serve to illustrate these questions. The last step from an available archive to a historical material also requires a special literacy for historians to build databases and corpora, to identify and select the accurate documents, to choose the appropriate methodology and tools to examine and interpret this specific material. Finally, the question of whether and how to use advertising as a material to imagine new forms of historical narratives (visual or digital narratives, vi- tual exhibits) will be explored. Last but not least, we will examine the transformation of ads in the last decade through digital approaches, the impact of digitization on copyright and on the preservation and study of advertising.
Image Fusion for Difference Visualization in Art Analysis
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Blaµek, Jan; Zitova, Barbara; Flusser, Jan; -
A new method for difference visualization is presented, oriented on the art analysis application. Compared images are combined into one fused image without losing important image context. Dissimilar regions are highlighted by color, which encodes localized differences. The method was developed for comparison of artwork copies, but it can be applied for general image comparison, too. The method is based on diverging color maps. The color representation of the difference is comprehensible, naturally ordered, and has maximal displayable resolution. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on hierarchy ordering of the copies of the ''A boy with a bird'' painting by Mons Bernardo (1624 1687).
A Methodology for Updating 3D Solid Models of Complex Monumental Structures Based on Local Point-based Meshes
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Zvietcovich, Fernando; Castaneda, Benjamin; Perucchio, Renato; Morales, Ricardo; Uceda, Santiago; -
Structural changes introduced during the life of monuments contribute to produce complex geometrical configurations that cannot be properly represented in standard solid modeling systems designed for current engineering applications such as finite element analysis (FEA). Likewise, point-based 3D meshes laser-scanner or photogrammetric , although capable of constructing detailed representation of surfaces, cannot be used for direct application in structural analysis because they do not produce complete and unambiguous solid models. To tackle this issue, we merged these two approaches into a unified methodology capable of updating a 3D solid model, representing the entire monument as reconstructed in its presumed original configuration, with information from a 3D mesh model containing a detailed geometrical description of the recent structural state of a specific sector of the same monument. The methodology is based on a series of functions that operate in the Mesh and Solid Modeling Space. The mesh model is aligned via 3D registration and, subsequently, segmented for its conversion to a solid model. Finally, this solid updates the solid representation of the entire monument via Boolean operations. We test the procedure on the Main Platform of the Huaca de la Luna, Trujillo, Peru, one of the most important massive earthen structures of the Moche civilization. Solid models are defined in AutoCAD while 3D meshes are constructed via the photogrammetric program Agisoft PhotoScan. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is effective at transferring complex geometrical and topological features from the mesh to the solid modeling space. The updated solid model can be represented and visualized in any standard CAD software, and utilized for FEA and augmented reality applications.
Replicating perishable artefacts. A project for analysis and exhibition of Early Medieval objects from the Byzantine village at Scorpo (Supersano, Italy)
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Bandiera, Adriana; Arthur, Paul; Imperiale, Marco Leo; Maffezzoli, Alfonso; Frigione, Mariaenrica; Montagna, Francesco; Signore, Grazia Maria; -
Artefacts found in an archaeological excavation are sometimes made of perishable or fragile material like wood, iron, or leather. These present obvious conservation problems. This is the case of various artefacts from the Byzantine village of Scorpo (Supersano, southern Italy) that has been the object of excavations by archaeologists from the University of Salento (Italy) since 1999. In 2007 a number of wooden objects were discovered in a well, while in 2012 a hoard of ferrous objects was found near a drystone wall that perhaps enclosed the settlement. Given the highly fragile and perishable nature of the objects, the questions arise as to how to study these artefacts, preserve them for the future and display them to the public. In this paper we will illustrate the methodology developed at the University of Salento to give an answer to all these questions and we will describe the entire process ranging from the discovery of the artefacts, to their 3D digital acquisition and modeling, the eventual digital restoration, the realization of one or more physical copies using a rapid prototyping apparatus (RP), to their display in a museum. Digital models of artefacts and ancient contexts are increasingly used in museums in order to improve communication, also for the disabled. Furthermore, the resin replica of an object, created from its digital 3D model, can also be useful for its preservation and fruition, especially if it is fragile or in poor condition.
Laser-Scanned Tree Stem Filtering for Forest Inventories Measurements
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Ravaglia, Joris; Bac, Alexandra; Piboule, Alexandre; -
With specific flora and fauna, regional landscapes and forests constitute an important part of the cultural heritage. Several natural environments have already been classified as national or regional parks. The UNESCO World Heritage covers 13% of the protected forests in the world. Thus, preserving those sites represents a crucial issue. Such a safeguarding involves a detailed knowledge of the sites and forestry management plans. The management of a natural forest is traditionally based on forest plot inventories in which several features of the trees are measured. The set of data collected during these inventories represents the starting point of forest monitoring, flora preservation and risks prevention. Traditionally, measurements are made manually by operators. However, during the last decade, terrestrial laser scanning has become a new and promising way of measuring such attributes. This instrument provides a fine three dimensional point cloud virtual representation of the scanned scene. Trees location, stem diameter, and stem taper can be extracted from these point clouds using pattern recognition algorithms. In this paper we present a novel two steps way to improve the quality of tree branching detection in a three dimensional point cloud acquired by terrestrial laser scanner. This method was developped in order to enhance the results of a previous study. Our approach is based on the combination of a simplification step (using particle simulation), followed by a shape detection (discrete arcs of circle detection). It identifies the lack of accuracy in tree stem diameter measurements at branching junctions for further more detailled analysis.
Investigating a multi-paradigm system for the management of archaeological data: Corpus Lapidum Burgundiae
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Leclercq, Eric; Savonnet, Marinette; Troya, Andres; Buttner, Stephane; -
Scientific Information Systems (SIS) must move beyond data repositories and closed systems, to allow collaborations among different research disciplines, to include new types of data, to control data quality, and to enable semantic interoperability. Archaeological data include textual information, measures, sketches, photographies, 3D models, and a vast amount of links between data and historical information sources. We develop a formal model for ontology-based annotations that conforms to a semi-ring algebraic structure and we define a subset of algebraic operators to query annotations. We show how our approach is instantiated in a collaborative Web platform for the Burgundy Stone project.
Application of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology in the characterisation of construction materials in exceptional buildings: first results.
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Ureña, María Jesús Aguilera; Larriva, José Emilio Meroño de; Ballesteros, Andrés Ortega; Moreno, Alberto Jesús Perea; Neira, Julia Barrios; -
This work discusses the use of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis with the object of studying the degree of degradation of stone material and other elements in cultural heritage monuments, as an alternative to traditional laboratory methods, with the advantage of being a fast non-destructive process that requires little or no sample preparation, thereby reducing the amount of time required and the expense. NIRS is a spectroscopic method which uses the near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from about 800 nm to 2500 nm). The technique can help to identify a chemical component starting from their different Near IR absorption spectrum. It has been widely applied over the last forty years in food and agricultural science and in many other fields such as pharmatheutics, medicine, forestry and petrochemical. However, it has rarely been applied with the purpose mentioned in this paper. The study was conducted on the Church of "Santa Marina de Aguas Santas", situated in the historical centre of the city of Cordoba (Spain). This paper presents the first stage of the research. Samples taken in situ are analyzed by a NIR spectrometer in laboratory. The object is to obtain models for the quantification of majority components of stone material (calcium and quartz) as well as indexes of alteration, from NIR response of the samples. After this, it will be necessary to study if these models would have a correct behaviour being applied with data taken in situ, with a portable NIR. The results obtained prove that this technique can be efficiently applied saving both time and money.
Surface Light Field from Video Acquired in Uncontrolled Settings
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Palma, Gianpaolo; Desogus, Nicola; Cignoni, Paolo; Scopigno, Roberto; -
This paper presents an algorithm for the estimation of the Surface Light Field using video sequences acquired moving the camera around the object. Unlike other state of the art methods, it does not require a uniform sampling density of the view directions, but it is able to build an approximation of the Surface Light Field starting from a biased video acquisition: dense along the camera path and completely missing in the other directions. The main idea is to separate the estimation of two components: the diffuse color, computed using statistical operations that allow the estimation of a rough approximation of the direction of the main light sources in the acquisition environment; the other residual Surface Light Field effects, modeled as linear combination of spherical functions. From qualitative and numerical evaluations, the final rendering results show a high fidelity and similarity with the input video frames, without ringing and banding effects.
Feature-based automatic 3D registration for cultural heritage applications
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Tombari, Federico; Remondino, Fabio; -
This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art techniques in the field of 3D invariant features for the automatic registration of point clouds and 3D meshes. The paper proposes also a multi-stage 3D registration pipeline implemented using the PCL libraries. Experiments are carried out on datasets related to heritage scenarios and addressing large-scale outdoor data acquisitions as well as small objects.
The Late Medieval Street Layout of Vienna
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Silvestru, Claudiu; -
The present day street layout in Vienna's historical center is a product of the construction boom in the 13th Century, being the city's most present and also unnoticed medieval heritage. At the end of the 12th Century the city of Vienna occupies the area within the ancient fortification of roman Vindobona. Financially backed up through the ransom for Richard I, Babenberger Duke Leopold V decides to raise a new city wall, expanding the urban area by ca. 450%. As a consequence, the already commenced functional development to a late medieval city increases. By the end of the late Middle Ages Vienna has a complex hierarchically structured public space with several functional centers. The first planimetric representations of the city show it at the break of Renaissance (the plans of Bonifaz Wolmuet 1547 and Augustin Hirschvogel 1547), with a new fortification system to improve the one severely damaged during the Ottoman siege 1529. The paper at hand presents a new digital reconstruction of the late medieval street pattern of Vienna and a brief analysis of the public space at the beginning of the 16th century. The city plan is based on the GIS supported overlay of existing punctual research results on the urban development of Middle Age Vienna with the information content of several historical maps and the preserved medieval architecture. In doing so it represents a useful tool for further research on the city layout employing digital methods (e.g. the Space Syntax analysis mentioned in this paper). This paper is part of current PhD-research on the urban development of medieval Vienna and new means of interpretation and presentation of the medieval Viennese cultural heritage.
One object many stories: Introducing ICT in museums and collections through digital storytelling
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Ioannidis, Yannis; Raheb, Katerina El; Toli, Eleni; Boile, Maria; Katifori, Akrivi; Mazura, Margaretha; -
This paper discusses issues related to digital storytelling and its use in Cultural Heritage institutions. It will demonstrate the usefulness and advantages of digital storytelling by providing concrete examples of adoption and suggest how digital storytelling may be used in different cultural heritage environments. We will identify issues and challenges and also focus on lessons learnt, all of them being important aspects for the further deployment of ICT in museums and collections.
New Media Technology and Interpretation of Asian Art: Yuan Ming Yuan: Qing Emperors' Splendid Gardens
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Din, Herminia; Lin, Fang-Yin; Bailey, Darrell; -
''Yuan Ming Yuan: The Qing Emperors' Splendid Gardens'' is the first episode of the ''Three Hills and Five Gardens [1]'' world touring exhibition. Yuan Ming Yuan is also known as the Garden of Gardens. By integrating contemporary media art technology with international authorized historical resources, the exhibition reveals the different aspects of Yuan Ming Yuan to the public. In addition, the exhibition can be seen as a milestone since it is the first original international touring exhibition that presents the classical imperial garden life of Qing Dynasty. This paper discusses the curatorial concepts and features of this exhibition with three chapters: perspectives presentation, theatrical storytelling space, digital interpretation of historical sites.
A Low-Cost Portable 3D Laser Scanning System with Aptness from Acquisition to Visualization
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Banerjee, Sumandeep; Biswas, Prabir Kumar; Bhowmick, Partha; Dutta, Somnath; -
This paper presents the design perspectives of a low-cost portable 3D laser scanning mechanism. The hardware is simple in design, easy to fabricate, and costs much less compared to the cheapest ones available in the market. Moreover, it is noninvasive and able to generate high-quality data sets. We present the complete design pipeline and discuss how to implement and put together the most recent algorithms. We propose this design for its wide applications to virtual reality simulation, 3D modeling, digitization of archaeological artifacts, automated defect inspection, object recognition etc.
3D documentation of Cultural Heritage artefacts: from data acquisition to virtual conservation and restoration
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Athanasiou, Eleni; Faka, Marina; Hermon, Sorin; Vassallo, Valentina; Yakoupi, Kyriaki; -
This paper focuses on the development of a procedure for 3D documentation of Cultural Heritage assets and describes all the steps from the 3D data acquisition of the real object, the post processing the raw data and finally the digital recording, documentation and virtual preservation of the 3D data. It will also describe the experiences, carried out during the digital process, of some virtual restoration cases.

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