DH2013 - Track 3

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/12324

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Linking 3D Digital Surface Texture Data with Ancient Manufacturing Procedures
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Almeida, Vera Moitinho de; Barceló, Juan Antonio; Rosillo, Rafel; Palomo, Antoni; -
Surface texture is a key parameter in archaeological materials, where its study has been central to use-wear research, as well as in the understanding of manufacturing processes. Nowadays, 3D digital surface textures can be characterized from macroscale to nanoscale, using advanced metrology methods and techniques, and by means of 2D profile or 3D areal (non-)contact instruments, which span a wide range and resolution. In this paper, we describe an experiment based on the quantitative description of geometric surface texture patterns (i.e., the microtopography) from 3D scanned archaeological and experimental materials, in order to assess how objects were manufactured in the past. At the end, we aim to differentiate texture patterns; associate them with possible gestures, carving techniques, and used tools; and understand the technical procedure used by the craftsperson. The archaeological object of study is a large fragment of one of the stelae with carved horns on blocks of sandstone, late 4th millennium cal BC, discovered in 2008 in the Neolithic settlement in the Serra del Mas Bonet (Vilafant, Alt Empordà), Catalonia. Experimental replicas of this fragment's surface textures were made in blocks of sandstone coming from the same bedrock. The applied method consisted of using a 3D structured light scanner, with a submillimetre resolution, to capture the geometric surface texture of both prehistoric and experimental objects. Then, using surface roughness areal parameters, regulated by international standards, to describe quantitatively the texture patterns of a set of sampled areas. After that, comparisons were made, and a first conclusion is here presented.
IFC and CityGML : going further than LOD
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Tolmer, Charles-Edouard; Castaing, Christophe; Diab, Youssef; Morand, Denis; -
Modeling a built environment for any construction project or asset management is usually limited to a simple 3D visualization. Data and metadata related to modeled objects are not included sufficiently in the modeling, especially for infrastructures. In addition, the needs of the construction industry are constantly changing: we mainly retain in a lot of projects, concurrent engineering, life cycle analysis and the implementation of the European Directive INSPIRE. These changes in the design and building practices require large flows of information that cannot be left to self-organization. Furthermore, the information flow from the project to the built heritage is sequenced. Following these findings, we examined the existing data models for the construction trades such as CityGML and IFC. Both of these standards provide in principle to manage design, construction and operation of a project. Firstly, this paper shows the reason for which we believe that the approach by these two standards is not sufficient to structure information in urban and infrastructure projects, considering design but also long-term operation of built structures. In addition, we discuss the fact that IFC and CityGML data models respectively integrate Level Of Development and Level Of Detail which differ in their name and also in their content. We will explain our interpretation of these two kinds of levels. Finally, we discuss about adding other levels types which are needed to make the data model more structured and consistent to the various demands and needs that must respond, from the beginning of the project to the asset management.
Web Visualization of Complex Reality-Based 3D Models with Nubes
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Palacios, Belen Jimenez Fernandez; Stefani, Chiara; Lombardo, Julie; Luca, Livio de; Remondino, Fabio; -
This paper discusses the fundamental issues of the real-time web-based visualization of complex reality-based 3D models. As web platform, we use NUBES, an innovative and powerful tool for sharing and analyzing reality-based 3D models online. A new automatic procedure for the setting-up and the uploading of 3D complex scenes into NUBES is presented, including the optimization of the geometric and radiometric information for web visualization.
Revealing shape semantics from morphological similarities of a collection of architectural elements. The case study of the columns of Saint-Michel de Cuxa.
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Buglio, David Lo; Lardinois, Vanessa; Luca, Livio De; -
Over the last three decades, the introduction of digital technologies in the field of architectural documentation has profoundly changed the tools and the acquisition techniques. Most of the developments concerns metrical and colorimetric characteristics of the objects studied. These developments, surrounding the practice of architectural survey, tend to respond primarily to the requirements of completeness. In this context, it seems necessary to assess the impact of these instruments on the cognitive value of architectural representation. With a strong technological presence, the study of the built heritage is facing a problem of "overload" of information. Indeed, it fails to strengthen the representation in its role as vehicle of knowledge. Confronted with the intelligibility deficit, this article propose an original approach for reading morphological features of an artifact by using a bottom-up approach: the meaning of the elements comes from the analysis of low-level geometric properties of a collection of instances related to the same theorical model. The idea is to rely on data accumulation in order to make emerge high-level semantic features from the comparative analysis of common low-level geometric features. The introduced principles are illustrated by the comparative analysis of 31 columns of the cloister of the abbey of Saint-Michel Cuxa, aimed to identify a common semantic layout.
ATHENA: Automatic Text Height ExtractioN for the Analysis of old handwritten manuscripts
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Pintus, Ruggero; Yang, Ying; Rushmeier, Holly; -
A massive digital acquisition of huge sets of deteriorating historical documents is mandatory due to their value and delicacy. The study and the browsing of such digital libraries is becoming crucial for scholars in the Cultural Heritage field, but it requires automatic tools for analyzing and indexing those dataset items. We present here a layout analysis method to perform automatic text height estimation, without the need of any kind of manual intervention and user defined parameters. It proves to be a robust technique in the case of very noisy and damaged handwritten manuscripts. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on a huge heterogeneous corpus of medieval manuscripts, with different writing styles, and affected by other uncontrollable factors, such as ink bleed-through, background noise, and overtyping text lines.
A PageRank based predictive model for the estimation of the archaeological potential of an urban area
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Dubbini, Nevio; Gattiglia, Gabriele; -
We present the analysis of multi-faceted, GIS managed data for determining the archaeological potential, i.e. a measure of the possibility that a more or less significant archaeological stratification is preserved. We used a sizable number of datasets, in order to consider the problem of estimation of archaeological potential in all of its aspects: archaeological data, building archaeological data, historical data, toponymic data, geomorphological data. As the identification of relations among finds is a key issue for the data mining in archaeological interpretation process, we applied a modified version of the PageRank model, because the criteria for assigning importance to web pages by search engines are similar and based on relations, also. The procedure included a categorization archaeological data, the assignment of initial values of potential to the available data through an automatic procedure, the creation of geomorpho-logical facies maps, the definition of functional areas (i.e. the levels of spatial and functional organization: urban, suburban and rural areas), and the application of the PageRank based algorithm. The model has been applied on the urban area of Pisa, and tested through the data of 14 new cores. The map of archaeological potential consists of the composition of the 7 layers, one for each archaeological period under consideration: Protohistory, Etruscan period, Roman period, Late Roman period, Early Medieval period, Late Medieval period, Modern Age, Contemporary Age. The results, including the archaeological potential map, are to be considered as the first steps towards an automatic, formally definable, and repeatable, approach to the computation of archaeological potential.
Simulation of Past Life: Controlling Agent Behaviors from the Interactions between Ethnic Groups
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Lim, Chen Kim; Cani, Marie-Paule; Galvane, Quentin; Pettre, Julien; Talib, Abdullah Zawawi; -
Many efforts have been carried out in preserving the history and culture of Penang and also other regions of Malaysia since George Town was elected as a UNESCO living heritage city. This paper presents a method to simulate life in a local trading port in the 1800s, where various populations with very different social rules interacted with each other. These populations included Indian coolies, Malay vendors, British colonists and Chinese traders. The challenge is to model these ethnic groups as autonomous agents, and to capture the changes of behavior due to inter-ethnic interactions and to the arrival of boats at the pier. Agents from each population are equipped with a specific set of steering methods which are selected and parameterized according to predefined behavioral patterns (graphs of states). In this paper, we propose a new formalism where interactions between the different ethnics groups and with the boats can be either activated globally or locally. Global interactions cause changes of states for all the agents belonging to the target population, while local interactions only take place between specific agents, and result in changes of states for these agents only. The main contributions of our method are: i) Applying microscopic crowd simulation to the complex case of a multi-ethnic trading port, involving different behavioral patterns; ii) Introducing a high-level control method, through the inter-ethnic interactions formalism. The resulting system generates a variety of real-time animations, all reflecting the adequate social behaviors. Such a system would be particularly useful in a virtual tour application.
The West Digital Conservatory of Archaeological Heritage project
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Barreau, Jean-Baptiste; Gaugne, Ronan; Bernard, Yann; Cloirec, Gaétan Le; Gouranton, Valérie; -
The West Digital Conservatory of Archaeological Heritage project, a.k.a. WDCAH, is a new French research organization whose aim is to both ensure the preservation of digital archaeological data, and deliver expertise in production, analysis, visualization and virtual reality exploration techniques. This project is an interdisciplinary project composed of engineers and researchers in archaeology, computer science, virtual reality and 3D interaction with virtual environments. The major objectives of this conservatory project are: (i) sustainable and centralized safeguarding and archiving of 2D/3D data produced by the archaeological community; (ii) free access to metadata; (iii) secure access to data for the different actors involved in scientific projects and (iv) the support and advice for these actors in the 3D data production and exploration through the latest digital technologies, modeling tools and virtual reality systems. This paper focuses on the first activities of the WDCAH which mainly concern digital models production using photogrammetry, 3D laser scans, and 3D computer graphics software. We are currently working on the reconstitution of six archaeological sites located in the west of France ranging from prehistory to the Middle Ages: the Cairn of Carn Island, the covered pathway of Roh Coh Coet, the Goh Min Ru megalithic site, the gallo-roman mansion of Vanesia, the keep of the Château de Sainte-Suzanne, the Porte des Champs of the Château d'Angers. Other proposals are currently under study.
Finite Element Modelling of Contact in Rubble Stone Masonry
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Isfeld, Andrea; Shrive, Nigel; -
Multi-wythe masonry walls are a common structural component of heritage buildings. Typically constructed with two dressed outer wythes and a rubble core, these structures are susceptible to environmental degradation, as infiltration of water coupled with freeze-thaw action can break down the existing mortar which can then be flushed out of the wall. The resulting un-bonded core material applies pressure on the outer wythes, leading to lateral displacements and possible failure of the walls. Study of these deformations, and the effects of potential intervention methods through finite element modelling, can ensure adequate measures are selected and implemented. With the core being composed of rounded or fragmented stones and containing little of the original mortar, failure is dominated by rotation and sliding of the stones, rather than failure of the stone units. A dynamic simplified micromodel captures the geometry of the individual stones within a cross-section of a wall from the Prince of Wales fort in northern Canada, allowing translation of the units under self-weight. Linear elastic material properties and frictional contact conditions reduce the complexity of the model while adequately representing the observed conditions. As mesh density is known to impact the results of contact problems greatly, a small sample of stones from the wall has been studied using 8 models containing between 778 and 11701 linear elements. High mesh densities are required to approximate the curved geometry, and reduce faceting due to the flat element edges. These models are run under two separate time steps, in the first the load is applied and in the second the parts are allowed time to reach equilibrium. The resulting displacements of the small models have been examined and compared, optimizing the mesh density for the given sample, which can then be applied to the full cross section.
Documentation and dissemination of Cultural Heritage: current solutions and considerations about its digital implementation
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Cimadomo, Guido; -
Dissemination of architectural and archaeological Cultural Heritage is a relevant task in the process of its documentation and has to reach the wider audience possible. Digital implementation is today a must, and is more and more accessible considering that Information Technologies skills required are being simplified thanks to new solutions and open source sharing. The paper focuses on the different opportunities that researchers have to disseminate the results of material heritage, from digital repository to three-dimensional platforms, considering also commercial software, and will reflect their strenghts and weaknesses related with built heritage, in order to make possible the best selection since the beginning of the project, an aspect that is becoming more and more relevant with the added difficulties that arise with the evolution and consolidation of standardization and digital languages.
From survey to HBIM for documentation, dissemination and management of built heritage. The case study of St.Maria in Scaria d Intelvi
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Brumana, Raffaella; Oreni, Daniela; Raimondi, Anna; Georgopoulos, Andreas; Bregianni, Angeliki; Barazzetti, Luigi; -
The research presented here is the result of two related theses, carried out in collaboration between PoliMi, (Italy) and NTUA, (Greece). Part of it is carried out within the INTERREG EU project framework, which aims to the valuation and dissemination of the role of the Church of S. Maria di Scaria (Vall' Intelvi) in the international European exchange of skills in the past centuries. It mainly focuses on the Carloni's intervention (XVIII century), a local family of craftsmen, famous across many European cities and regions for the construction of monuments with rich decorations. In this way they managed to send holy gifts and money, but also offered their skills in order to enrich the church of Scaria as a symbol of their success. The laser scanning and photogrammetric surveys have been carried out with the on-site stratigraphic analysis and with the quest for the scarcely available historical documents, in an attempt to study the reconstruction and the main transformations and chronological phases, from the Romanic to the Baroque interventions and to the more recent ones: An integrated BIM approach has been chosen as an experimental way of transmitting a piece of the history of the church life to the local people and also for touristic purposes. In order to disseminate the information on the transformations of the building and on the various decorations in a way that would facilitate the readability and interpretation of the monument by the visitors, a little local museum, co-funded by the EU Interreg programme, is planned to be realized mainly containing the exhibition of the collections of the sacred vessels and furnishings donated to the church in the past. To enhance this aim a 3D object modeling will also be exposed in the multimedia section of the museum. A Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) has been developed, while investigating the potential of an object library specially generated to illustrate the various structural elements, the multiple c- nstruction technologies for the walls, the vault system, the roof etc., and the decorative layers (frescos, stuccos and frames), along with the critical aspects faced by standard BIM in a complex geometry shift from Surface approach to Object modeling. The research contributes to the explanation of the sequence and construction technologies adopted for the vault system, the first two vaults of the nave (their interesting texturing and the particular geometry registered by laser scanning related to the hypothesized centering), with respect to the vault covering the altar and the apse. The HBIM approach development is analyzed to help the generation of a vocabulary and an abacus of elements to be geographically referenced across Europe to disseminate typical construction elements and skills.
Preserving Malay Architectural Heritage through Virtual Reconstruction
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Ibrahim, Nazrita; Azmi, Khairul Azhar; -
Preserving architectural heritage is a challenging and costly task. Digital preservation helps to both reduce costs and make it portable. This paper describes our experience in producing a 3D model of Rumah Tok Su; which is a traditional Malay house, situated in Kedah, Malaysia. The aim of this project is to capture the essence of architectural heritage via still images that are rendered to highlight its beauty and significance.
Tracing provenance of lost and found Cypriot Byzantine icons
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Vassallo, Valentina; Kyriakou, Niki; Hermon, Sorin; Eliades, Ioannis; -
This paper presents an ongoing research on the development of a WebGIS tool, based on a formal knowledge representation, able to trace the spatio-temporal paths of Cypriot Byzantine icons. Many were looted in the past, lost and some recently repatriated. The aim of the research presented below is to develop a system that would present online, for the museum visitors and scholars interested in such artifacts, the diachronic narrative of their lives and conservation.
Image Fusion for Difference Visualization in Art Analysis
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Blaµek, Jan; Zitova, Barbara; Flusser, Jan; -
A new method for difference visualization is presented, oriented on the art analysis application. Compared images are combined into one fused image without losing important image context. Dissimilar regions are highlighted by color, which encodes localized differences. The method was developed for comparison of artwork copies, but it can be applied for general image comparison, too. The method is based on diverging color maps. The color representation of the difference is comprehensible, naturally ordered, and has maximal displayable resolution. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on hierarchy ordering of the copies of the ''A boy with a bird'' painting by Mons Bernardo (1624 1687).
The Late Medieval Street Layout of Vienna
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Silvestru, Claudiu; -
The present day street layout in Vienna's historical center is a product of the construction boom in the 13th Century, being the city's most present and also unnoticed medieval heritage. At the end of the 12th Century the city of Vienna occupies the area within the ancient fortification of roman Vindobona. Financially backed up through the ransom for Richard I, Babenberger Duke Leopold V decides to raise a new city wall, expanding the urban area by ca. 450%. As a consequence, the already commenced functional development to a late medieval city increases. By the end of the late Middle Ages Vienna has a complex hierarchically structured public space with several functional centers. The first planimetric representations of the city show it at the break of Renaissance (the plans of Bonifaz Wolmuet 1547 and Augustin Hirschvogel 1547), with a new fortification system to improve the one severely damaged during the Ottoman siege 1529. The paper at hand presents a new digital reconstruction of the late medieval street pattern of Vienna and a brief analysis of the public space at the beginning of the 16th century. The city plan is based on the GIS supported overlay of existing punctual research results on the urban development of Middle Age Vienna with the information content of several historical maps and the preserved medieval architecture. In doing so it represents a useful tool for further research on the city layout employing digital methods (e.g. the Space Syntax analysis mentioned in this paper). This paper is part of current PhD-research on the urban development of medieval Vienna and new means of interpretation and presentation of the medieval Viennese cultural heritage.
New Media Technology and Interpretation of Asian Art: Yuan Ming Yuan: Qing Emperors' Splendid Gardens
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Din, Herminia; Lin, Fang-Yin; Bailey, Darrell; -
''Yuan Ming Yuan: The Qing Emperors' Splendid Gardens'' is the first episode of the ''Three Hills and Five Gardens [1]'' world touring exhibition. Yuan Ming Yuan is also known as the Garden of Gardens. By integrating contemporary media art technology with international authorized historical resources, the exhibition reveals the different aspects of Yuan Ming Yuan to the public. In addition, the exhibition can be seen as a milestone since it is the first original international touring exhibition that presents the classical imperial garden life of Qing Dynasty. This paper discusses the curatorial concepts and features of this exhibition with three chapters: perspectives presentation, theatrical storytelling space, digital interpretation of historical sites.
JAVANESE CHARACTERS IMAGE SEGMENTATION FROM DOCUMENT IMAGE OF HAMONG TANI
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Himamunanto, Rudatyo; Widiarti, Anastasia Rita; -
Script image segmentation of a document image is the most decisive step to the success of the process of transliteration of the script image into another script, such as automatically transliterating a printed Javanese manuscript image into a Latin manuscript. This paper gives an example of the application of profile projection modification to the segmentation of Javanese script document image of the entire 87 pages of the document image of HamongTani book. Based on the output of the developed system, the average percentage of correctness is 84.255% with the average standard deviation of 14.093%. This value of average percentage of correctness shows that the model developed for the Java script document image segmentation of the HamongTani book is relatively good.
Building Information Modelling and the Documentation of Architectural Heritage: between the typical and the specific
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Fai, Stephen; Sydor, Mikael; -
One of the greatest challenges to using Building Information Modelling (BIM) for the documentation of architectural heritage is in overcoming the propensity of the software toward standardization. Most BIM applications are optimized for industrialized building systems where even a minor deviation in geometry or dimension between like elements is considered problematic. Heritage buildings, on the other hand, are more typically constructed of unique elements that, while sometimes similar, can never be assumed to be identical. For example, two Corinthian capitals from the Temple of Mars Ultor may be similar, but they are not the same. In this paper, we discuss a novel method for developing a BIM for a unique vernacular building in eastern Ontario, Canada. Constructed anonymously in two discrete stages during the last half of the 19C, the builders employed both stacked log and an idiosyncratic balloon frame construction. Both types of construction are far from the standard assemblies found in commercial BIM software. In discussing the construction of the model, we will outline the integration of detailed survey data, including pointcloud, with a library of 'typical', but parametric, construction details under development by our research group. While the survey provides an accurate geometrical record of the building under discussion including structural deformations the library is used to develop the specific assemblies and is based on, and fully indexed to, 'typical' details culled from construction manuals available in Canada during the late 19C.
When script engravings reveal a semantic link between the conceptual and the spatial dimensions of a monument: the case of the Tomb of Emperor Qianlong.
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Luca, Livio De; Busayarat, Chawee; Domenico, Francesca De; Lombardo, Julie; Pierrot-Deseilligny, Marc; Stefani, Chiara; Wang, Françoise; -
Like most Chinese imperial tombs, the tomb of Emperor Qianlong consists of a suite of four rooms forming a underground space of 372 m2. Its originality lies in the inscriptions which are engraved on the walls and vaults and exclusively in Tibetan (30,000 characters) and Lantsa (600 characters). In the project we present here, all engravings were digitized and a large part of them have been identified. Their identification has highlighted the idea which was certainly at the base of ornamental program of the Qianlong's tomb: the choice of texts and their particular arrangement was used to virtually reconstruct a "stupa" : a Buddhist funerary monument. So the study and representation of script engravings and iconography of the tomb opened the general issue of finding an original solution to explain, from a visual and semantic point of view, the relationship of two parallel dimensions. On the one hand, the description of the morphology of the tomb through the spatial structure of geometric entities in a 3D model (collection of architectural forms and spatial relationships), on the other hand, the description of knowledge related to the Tibetan funeral rituals (abstract concepts and semantic relations). The formalized and represented textual and graphics data become accessible within an analytical support (information system) allowing to explore the relationship between the conceptual and spatial dimensions of the tomb through three interactive devices interconnected: a real-time 3D scene for exploring the physical space, a dynamic graph for navigating within a network of interconnected concepts, an graphic schema displaying the theoretical position of each conceptual and spatial entity within the representation of a virtual stupa.
Aspects of the Digitalisation of the Documentation and Research of Lithuanian Historical Organs
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Povilionis, Girenas; Povilioniene, Rima; -
About 450 historical organs have survived to the present day in Lithuania. Some of them are almost completely authentic instruments which constitute valuable heritage and have been recognised as being unique in European context. Currently the digitalisation of the data about the Lithuanian organ heritage is being implemented at the Centre for the Lithuanian Cultural Heritage since 2000 (until then non-digital data were accumulated) and is oriented towards the promotion of this part of the country's heritage, and scientific research. The most valuable instruments included on the heritage list are registered in detail: comprehensive photography of their separate parts and equipment, engineering data, as well as that of the surviving authentic mechanism and parts. A research into the instrumental part of some the most valuable organs (the organs in the church in Joniskis, the churches of the Holy Spirit and the Bernardine in Vilnius) is introduced. By the drawings it is possible to recreate an organ or make a copy-replica in case it is destroyed; the data can be used to make a new instrument according to old organ-making traditions.

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