GCH 2017 - Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/2631771

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CHER-ish: A Sketch- and Image-based System for 3D Representation and Documentation of Cultural Heritage Sites
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Rudakova, Victoria; Lin, Nathan; Trayan, Natallia; Sezgin, Tevfik Metin; Dorsey, Julie; Rushmeier, Holly; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
We present a work-in-progress report on a sketch- and image-based software called ''CHER-ish'' designed to help make sense of the cultural heritage data associated with sites within 3D space. The software is based on the previous work done in the domain of 3D sketching for conceptual architectural design, i.e., the system which allows user to visualize urban structures by a set of strokes located in virtual planes in 3D space. In order to interpret and infer the structure of a given cultural heritage site, we use a mix of data such as site photographs and floor plans, and then we allow user to manually locate the available photographs and their corresponding camera positions within 3D space. With the photographs' camera positions placed in 3D, the user defines a scene's 3D structure by the means of stokes and other simple 2D geometric entities. We introduce the main system components: virtual planes (canvases), 2D entities (strokes, line segments, photos, polygons) and provide a description of the methods that allow the user to interact with them within the system to create a scene representation. Finally, we demonstrate the usage of the system on two different data sets: a collection of photographs and drawings from Dura-Europos, and drawings and plans from Horace Walpole's Strawberry Hill villa.
A Dashboard for the Analysis of Tangible Heritage Artefacts: a Case Study in Archaeology
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Catalano, Chiara Eva; Repetto, Andrea; Spagnuolo, Michela; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
Digital manipulation and analysis of tangible cultural objects has the potential to bring about a revolution in the way classification, stylistic analysis, and refitting of fragments are handled in the cultural heritage area: 3D modelling, processing and analysis are now mature enough to allow handling 3D digitized objects as if they were physical, and semantic models allow for a rich documentation of many different aspects of artefacts or assets of any complexity, as well as of contextual information about them. In this perspective, the paper presents the ongoing development of a software workbench which integrates several tools that can be used, combined, and customized to provide scientists with a working environment to process and analyse digital assets. The general objective is to exemplify the potential of new platforms to work on digital models beyond the simple rendering and visualization of assets. In particular, the paper presents the design of the workbench - the Dashboard - which reflects the analysis of the requirements gathered in a specific community of archaeologists and curators: the functionalities included in the case study target mostly the ReUnification, ReAssembly and ReAssociation of fragmented or dispersed cultural assets.
Digitising Ivory Artefacts at the National History Museum in Brazil
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Marroquim, Ricardo; Sá, Asla Medeiros e; Echavarria, Karina Rodriguez; Balbio, Vitor; Zamorano, Rafael; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
The advantages of digitisation technologies, such as 3D scanning, photogrammetry and 3D modelling, for the documentation and dissemination of cultural heritage artefacts is well understood by researchers. Nevertheless, practitioners, in particular those in developing countries, still have a lack of understanding of how 3D technologies could work for them in order to support their collections. This paper presents ongoing efforts to engage with museums in Brazil, in particular the National History Museum in Rio de Janeiro, in order to raise awareness of the potential of 3D technologies. Rather than applying 3D digitisation technologies on artefacts where it is known that the techniques can provide an easy solution, our approach was more experiments. Hence, several ivory artefacts were selected, including various figurines and a carved Junk Boat from East Asia which are part of the museum collection and which present particular problems both in terms of conservation and dissemination. The artefacts are complex and difficult to access. Nevertheless, the intention was to provide practitioners at the museum a good understanding on the advantages and limitations of the technologies. The contribution of this paper is the exploration of the use of 3D digitisation technologies for the documentation and dissemination of ivory carvings from a Brazilian perspective. The paper includes a discussion on the challenges in terms of having access to suitable infrastructures to support documenting, monitoring and dissemination of heritage artefacts at a larger scale within the Brazilian context.
Exploiting Unbroken Surface Congruity for the Acceleration of Fragment Reassembly
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Savelonas, Michalis A.; Andreadis, Anthousis; Papaioannou, Georgios; Mavridis, Pavlos; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
Virtual reassembly problems are often encountered in the cultural heritage domain. The reassembly or "puzzling" problem is typically described as the process for the identification of corresponding pieces within a part collection, followed by the clustering and pose estimation of multiple parts that result in a virtual representation of assembled objects. This work addresses this problem with an efficient, user-guided computational approach. The proposed approach augments the typical reassembly pipeline with a smart culling step, where geometrically incompatible fragment combinations can be quickly rejected. After splitting each fragment into potentially fractured and intact facets, each intact facet is examined for prominent linear or curved structures and a heuristic test is employed to evaluate the plausibility of facet pairs, by comparing the number of feature curves associated with each facet, as well as the geometric texture of associated intact surfaces. This test excludes many pairwise combinations from the remaining part of the reassembly process, significantly reducing overall time cost. For all facet pairs that pass the initial plausibility test, pairwise registration driven by enhanced simulated annealing is applied, followed by multipart registration. The proposed reassembly approach is evaluated on real scanned data and our experiments demonstrate an increase in efficiency that ranges from 30% to more than 500% in some cases, depending on the number of culled combinations.
The Fabricated Diorama: Tactile Relief and Context-aware Technology for Visually Impaired Audiences
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Samaroudi, Myrsini; Echavarria, Karina Rodriguez; Song, Ran; Evans, Roger; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
The recent popularity of digital fabrication has stimulated cultural heritage professionals to utilise such technologies for a variety of processes, including the creation of digitally fabricated handling objects. The design and production of these objects or replicas, as commonly known, depends on choices that do not only limit themselves to a variety of technologies. This paper presents a focused contribution towards increasing the understanding of the heritage community on how to introduce digitally fabricated objects within context-aware museum experiences for different audiences. The purpose of the project is to enhance enjoyment, learning and appreciation of cultural and natural heritage while avoiding the ''technological fetishism'' which often appears along with the introduction of new technologies. In particular, the paper presents research focusing on the needs of visually impaired and blind audiences; it describes the development of a context-aware tactile experience within the Booth Museum in Brighton (UK); evaluates the developments with this target audience; and presents the preliminary results of the research.
Histogram of Oriented Gradients for Maya Glyph Retrieval
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Feldmann, Felix; Bogacz, Bartosz; Prager, Christian; Mara, Hubert; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
Deciphering the Maya writing is an ongoing effort that has already started in the early 19th century. Inexpertly-created drawings of Maya writing systems resulted in a large number of misinterpretations concerning the contents of these glyphs. As a consequence, the decryption of Maya writing systems has experienced several setbacks. Modern research in the domain of cultural heritage requires a maximum amount of precision in capturing and analyzing artifacts so that scholars can work on - preferably - unmodified data as much as possible. This work presents an approach to Maya glyph retrieval based on a machine learning pipeline. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is trained based on the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature descriptors of the query glyph and random background image patches. Then a sliding window classifies regions into viable candidates on the scale pyramid of the document image to achieve scale invariance. The algorithm is demonstrated on two different data sets. First, photographs from a hand written codex and second 3D scans from stone engraved monuments. A large amount of future extensions lies ahead, comprising the extension to 3D, but also more sophisticated classification algorithms.
An Inclusive Approach to Digital Heritage: Preliminary Achievements Within the INCEPTION Project
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Maietti, Federica; Medici, Marco; Piaia, Emanuele; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
At the end of the second year of activity and after having completed the first steps in the development of its main goals, the project "INCEPTION - Inclusive Cultural Heritage in Europe through 3D Semantic Modelling" is now facing different challenging actions starting from already developed advancement in 3D data capturing. Semantic modelling for Cultural Heritage buildings in H-BIM environment and the development of the INCEPTION platform for deployment and valorisation of enriched 3D models will allow accomplishing the main objectives of accessing, understanding and strengthening European cultural heritage. In this direction, the approach and the methodology for semantic organization and data management toward H-BIM modelling will be presented, as well as a preliminary nomenclature for semantic enrichment of heritage 3D models. According to the overall INCEPTION workflow, the H-BIM modelling procedure starts with documenting user needs, including experts and non-experts. The identification of the Cultural Heritage buildings semantic ontology and data structure for information catalogue will allow the integration of semantic attributes with hierarchically and mutually aggregated 3D digital geometric models for management of heritage information.
Multisensory Virtual Experience of Tanning in Medieval Coventry
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Dong, Yuanfa; Webb, Mark; Harvey, Carlo; Debattista, Kurt; Chalmers, Alan; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
In the medieval period, Coventry, in the English Midlands was a major centre for tanning as well as for its better-known cloth industry. Heavily damaged during the Second World War, and unsympathetically rebuilt in the 1950s and 1960s, there is little left in modern Coventry to remind visitors of this important period in Coventry's history. The tanning of cattle hides was a labour intensive and smelly process. After the hooves and horns had been chopped off the animal skins from butchers, the skins were immersed in pits filled with dog dung or lime, scraped and then sprinkled with urine and left to rot in a warm environment. Finally the hides were soaked for up to twelve months in a tanning liquid to achieve the desired quality of leather. To fully appreciate the medieval tanning process, any virtual recreation needs to be multisensory: the sites of the skins in various stages of processing, the shouts of the workers, and the pungent smells. This paper presents the process of recreating this important multisensory experience and discusses how this can provide visitors with a richer experience of Coventry's illustrious past.
Pairwise Matching of Stone Tools Based on Flake-Surface Contour Points and Normals
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Xi, Yang; Matsuyama, Katsutsugu; Konno, Kouichi; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
Stone tools constitute the main artifacts facilitating archaeological research of the Paleolithic era. The reassembly of stone tools is the most important research work for analyzing human activities of that period. In recent decades, large numbers of methods have been presented to solve various registration or matching problems for point clouds; however, few methods have been successfully applied to the matching of flakes, a type of stone tool. Therefore, we propose a new matching method for studying stone tools to improve archaeological research. Our method processes pairwise matching of stone tools based on contour points and mean normals of regions on all flake surfaces, according to the characteristics of the flake models. The sample experiments conducted in this study indicate that our new method achieves superior matching results for flakes, compared with the existing methods.
Projecting our Past to the Future - Challenges and Results: The Case of Asinou church
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Papaefthymiou, M.; Nikolakopoulou, V.; Leventis, Georgios; Domajnko, M.; Ioannides, M.; Papagiannakis, G.; Santos, P.; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
In this paper, we present some of the novel results of the Marie Curie Initial Training Network for Digital Cultural Heritage (ITN-DCH) project, describing briefly the work done focusing on the project's first case study: the Panagia Phorviotisa of Asinou, an UNESCO World Heritage Listed (WHL) monument in Cyprus. The paper introduces some challenges and the importance of multidisciplinary, sustainable research and development in the emerging domain of DCH in Europe. The different methodologies address these challenges through a professional network of partners including Academia, Research and Industry. The paper describes the 3D documentation of the church and how the data acquired can be used and re-used in Mixed Reality (MR) applications using also Deep Learning techniques, as well as in Education.
Reproduction of Gloss, Color and Relief of Paintings using 3D Scanning and 3D Printing
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Elkhuizen, Willemijn S.; Essers, Tessa T. W.; Lenseigne, Boris; Weijkamp, Clemens; Song, Yu; Pont, Sylvia C.; Geraedts, Jo M.- P.; Dik, Joris; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
High fidelity reproductions of paintings provide new opportunities to museums in preserving and providing access to cultural heritage. This paper presents an integrated system which is able to capture and fabricate color, relief and gloss of a painting's surface, emphasizing on gloss capturing. To measure the spatially varying gloss, the specular reflection of the center of the scanned area is sampled at the Brewster angle, utilizing the effect of reflectance polarization at this angle. The off-center gloss measurements are corrected using the perpendicular and parallel reflectance coefficients, relative to the center measurement. Shadows in the gloss map, which are caused by 3D relief of the surface, are masked based on the height map and then filled by interpolating surrounding gloss information. The captured color image, height map and gloss map are inputs for the 3D printer. A painting "Two wrestling figures in the style of Van Gogh" was reproduced to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system. Experiment results indicate that the proposed system gives accurate enough gloss measurement of the painting's surface for the purpose of gloss fabrication.
Visual Computing for Archaeological Artifacts with Integral Invariant Filters in 3D
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Mara, Hubert; Krömker, Susanne; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
3D-artifacts from ancient civilizations contain many different kinds of information in form of forensic trace evidence, e.g., tool marks from styli or fingerprints on wax sealings. These very fine structures are increasingly captured by various 3D-acquisiton techniques and stored as irregular meshes. We introduce filter algorithms for the processing of these datasets to finally extract meaningful information at predefined scales. Therefore, Multiscale-Integral Invariants (MSII) are introduced as robust filter methods with their four different variants, using volume, patch, surface and line integrals for their specific sensitivity on mean curvature, Gaussian curvature or noise detection. Smoothing as known from 2D-raster image processing cannot be applied directly. It needs adaptation to the irregular structure of the triangular grids describing 2D-manifolds in 3D-space.We introduce a fast 1-ring smoothing with a skillful weighting by distance and area of the neighboring points and triangles. Finally, we apply our technique to the various motivating examples for showing the results as false color images with isolines, indicating the respective field of function values, e.g., curvature in various norms or correlations in the feature space. Smooth isolines are indicators for the successful removal of noise. We finally compare the fully automated results with a manual graphic rendering of a faded handwriting found in the tomb of the empress Gisela of Swabia.
Visualization of ERT Data for Archaeological Purposes
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Bernardes, Paulo; Alves, Mafalda; Pereira, Bruno; Madeira, Joaquim; Martins, Manuela; Fontes, Luis; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
This work presents a visualization methodology for the correct comprehension and interpretation of ERT data by archaeologists. The authors developed a methodology based not only in colour mapping and slicing techniques but also on contouring and interaction procedures, obtaining an alternative to the traditional 2D pseudosection data visualization workflows. The implementation was carried out with the Visualization Toolkit from Kitware Inc. and is illustrated using two data samples: the first one was obtained on a hillfort in Boticas (Portugal) and the second one was acquired on an urban archaeological intervention in Braga (Portugal).

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