DH2015 - Track 1

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/14458

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Reflected Infrared Imaging: Revisiting the Fundamentals
(IEEE, 2015) Webb, E. Keats; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Reflected infrared imaging has been used as an investigation tool for paintings and paper conservation since the 1930s. The technique can reveal underdrawings, expose compositional changes, provide information about manufacturing process and technique, and differentiate materials. As digital camera technology and computing have evolved, the technique has continued to advance, improving the applications for cultural heritage documentation. However, there is very little published on the use of the technique for three-dimensional cultural heritage object documentation. The term object refers to three-dimensional works of art that include archaeological, ethnographic, historic, sculptural, decorative, and contemporary arts, composed of a wide variety of materials and combinations of materials. Some of these materials are similar to those in paintings and others are quite different, and the optical properties of the materials influence the interaction with infrared radiation and the imaging results. This paper looks at the current applications of reflected infrared imaging in conservation and research documentation and explores the fundamentals of why the technique is successful and how that success might transfer to the documentation of 3-D objects. Examples from an imaging case study with the Freud Museum are included to illustrate the arguments.
Minor Harbours of the East Coast of Ireland
(IEEE, 2015) Shotton, Elizabeth; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Considerable progress in the engineering of maritime structures occurred between the 18th and 20th centuries in Ireland. While major harbours have been well documented, there remain considerable structures that due to their small size have been overlooked. These minor harbours represent a considerable source of information, many having originated through local efforts only to be later modified through government works in the 19th and 20th centuries. The danger posed to these structures from deterioration and rising sea levels is increasing and it is imperative to create accurate records for the appropriate management and conservation of these structures. An initial pilot study of Coliemore Harbour [1] was undertaken in 2014-15, which served to establish a provisional methodology for scanning procedures, using a Leica Geosystems LiDAR scanner, from which precise measurements and configurations of each structure can be catalogued and compared. The pilot study served to identify issues to be addressed to ensure the information captured is both complete and as widely transportable to alternative formats as possible for ease of access to a broader range of users.
Robust Segmentation of Historical Parchment XMT Images for Virtual Unrolling
(IEEE, 2015) Liu, Chang; Rosin, Paul; Lai, Yu-Kun; Hu, Weiduo; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Historical parchment scrolls are fragile, and prone to damage from a variety of causes such as fire, water, and general mistreatment. Consequently many of these scrolls cannot be unrolled, so that their contents have remained hidden for centuries. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed a method of segmenting X-ray tomographic scans of parchment which enables a ''virtual unrolling'' of these documents. After an initial segmentation we link the broken layers of the parchment. Then, junction sections are extracted from the boundaries of the parchment. Subsequently, we find the fused regions which are formed by layers stuck together, and separate them into several layers by reconstructing the missing boundaries using parallel connecting curves. Experiments on the fifteenth century Bressingham scroll validate the effectiveness of our segmentation method.
Digitizing the Culture of Beijing - An Introduction of the Memories of Beijing Project
(IEEE, 2015) Liang, Jihong; Ma, Linqing; Wu, Yunpeng; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The Memories of Beijing project is an effort that aims at identification, representing, and disseminating the rich culture of Beijing, the capital city of China, via the employment of digital technologies. This proposal introduces the project's work up to date.
Optimizing UAV Systems for Rapid Survey and Reconstruction of Large Scale Cultural Heritage Sites
(IEEE, 2015) Meyer, Dominique; Fraijo, Elioth; Lo, Eric Kwok Cheung; Rissolo, Dominique; Kuester, Falko; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Recording geometrically and aesthetically accurate models of cultural heritage sites is important for both their conservation and understanding of historical importance. Rapid imaging systems are required to capture models efficiently so that large sites can be documented with sufficient resolution. Increasing availability of consumer-level drones has fostered digital data collection to replace traditional surveying methods. While such systems allow photogrammetric data to be gathered, they often prove inadequate for large scale rapid imaging. We propose an aerial system infrastructure based on: adapted aerial platforms; optimizations for flight path generation and UAV operations; high-bandwidth LTE transmission; methods of efficient point cloud generation, to rapidly document large scale heritage sites.
Application of georeferenced Archaeological Information Systems for Archaeological Digital Heritage - The Auxiliary Fortress of Carnuntum (Lower Austria)
(IEEE, 2015) Wallner, Mario; Juan, Torrejón Valdelomar; Neubauer, Wolfgang; Kucera, Matthias; Brandtner, Joachim; Sandici, Vlad; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Non-destructive prospection methods provide a powerful toolbox to explore Archaeological Heritage while it is still protected untouched below the actual surface. Due to recent technical developments in high resolution large scale non-invasive archaeological prospection by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology (LBI ArchPro) like motorized multi-channel Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), multi-sensor Magnetometry or Airborne Remote Sensing it became possible to efficently explore square kilometers of archaeological landscapes in high detail. Using a georeferenced Archaeological Information System (AIS) to compare, combine and interpret the archaeological information embedded within prospection and excavation data enable spatio-temporal analyses to derive the cultural development of an archaeological landscape.
A New Way to Enrich Museum Experience Through X-ray Tomography The Diagnostic Study of a Wax Anatomical Model of the 18th Century Made by Anna Morandi Manzolini
(IEEE, 2015) Peccenini, Eva; Bettuzzi, Matteo; Brancaccio, Rosa; Casali, Franco; Morigi, Maria Pia; Piro, Laura; Lanzarini, Viviana; Todero, Antonio; Leonardi, Luisa; Sequi, Elios; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The result of Computed Tomography (CT) investigation consists in a 3D volume of the object able to show its inner parts, revealing hidden structures and materials used in a completely non-invasive way. Its application, in Cultural Heritage field, is an important resource to enhance the knowledge of execution the construction technique and the state of conservation. This work was triggered by a need of diagnostic investigation before the restoration of anatomical wax model of the 18th century made by Anna Morandi Manzolini, kept at the Palazzo Poggi Museum in Bologna, but the peculiarity of the application and its results has yielded new purposes to the diagnostic investigation related to scientific communication and museum fruition. CT analysis was carried out using an experimental CT system specifically designed for the analysis of Cultural Heritage materials, developed by the X-ray imaging research group at the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of Bologna. The results of the investigation were shown then at the Anatomical Wax Museum ''Luigi Cattaneo'' in Bologna, during the ''Festival of Medical Science. Long Life'', from 7 to 10 May 2015, through a 3D virtual projection.
Customised OCR Correction for Historical Medical Text
(IEEE, 2015) Thompson, Paul; Mcnaught, John; Ananiadou, Sophia; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Historical text archives constitute a rich and diverse source of information, which is becoming increasingly readily accessible, owing to large-scale digitisation efforts. Searchable access is typically provided by applying Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software to scanned page images. Often, however, the automatically recognised text contains a large number of errors, since OCR systems are typically optimised to deal with modern documents, and can struggle with historical document features, including variable print characteristics and archaic vocabulary usage. Low quality OCR text can reduce the efficiency of search systems over historical archives, particularly semantic systems that are based on the application of sophisticated text mining (TM) techniques. We report on a new OCR correction strategy, customised for historical medical documents. The method combines rule-based correction of regular errors with a medically-tuned spellchecking strategy, whose corrections are guided by information about subject-specific language usage from the publication period of the article to be corrected. The performance of our method compares favourably to other OCR post-correction strategies, in improving word-level accuracy of poor-quality documents by up to 16%.
3D and Challenging Materials
(IEEE, 2015) Mathys, Aurore; Brecko, Jonathan; Spiegel, Didier Van den; Semal, Patrick; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Museum collections are composed of many different materials with different optical properties. These properties are an important factor to consider when using 3D digitisation as museum artefacts cannot be sprayed with an opaque coating to avoid reflection and facilitate 3D scanning. In this paper we review a wide variety of materials and techniques in order to propose guidelines for the 3D digitisation of different materials.
Three Modes of a Monument's 3D Virtual Reconstruction - The Case of Yali Tzamisi in Chania, Crete
(IEEE, 2015) Parthenios, Panagiotis; Petinarelis, Alexandros; Loussa, Sofia; Efraimidou, Nicky; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The scope of this paper is to highlight the challenges, advantages and disadvantages, as well as solutions to some of the issues that arise during the process of a monument's virtual 3D reconstruction using Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques. Yali Tzamisi, a 17th century monument located in Chania, Crete, has been photographed appropriately by three separate student groups, one for the building's envelope, one for the building's interior space and one for the surroundings of the monument. Different levels of detail and various file formats have been documented according to their scope of use, before the three models were merged into one unified 3D scene.
Bringing Collections to the Digital Era - 3 Examples of Integrated High Resolution Digitisations Projects
(IEEE, 2015) Mathys, Aurore; Brecko, Jonathan; Spiegel, Didier Van den; Cammaert, Laurence; Semal, Patrick; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
One of the primary concerns of museums nowadays is the digitisation of the collection to enhance conservation, accessibility and dissemination. We present in this paper 3 examples of collection digitisations carried out by 2 Belgian federal museums in the framework of the DIGIT-03 program. The first part details the creation of a 3D virtual museum, the second concerns focus stacking of type specimens and the last is the digitisation in 2D and 3D of a complete collection.
Recovering the History of Bergen Belsen Using an Interactive 3D Reconstruction in a Mixed Reality Space: the Role of Pre-knowledge on Memory Recollection
(IEEE, 2015) Oliva, Laura Serra; Mura, Anna; Betella, Alberto; Martinez, Enrique; Verschure, Paul; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The question addressed by our work is twofold: On the one hand we want to contribute to the preservation of the Holocaust cultural heritage using digital technology, on the other hand, we want to investigate the impact of pre-knowledge on context information when this information is acquired in a virtual environment. Specifically, we wanted to investigate the user experience after factual or emotional information prior exposure to a virtual environment showing historical information, in this case related to the Holocaust. We developed a 3D reconstruction of the delousing building of the Bergen Belsen concentration camp and deployed it in an interactive mixed reality space. Here the user was engaged in a guided tour of the delousing building and was exposed to factual information on the configuration of the building and its history through pictures and a narrating voice. The results of our study show that prior knowledge i.e ''emotional vs factual'' affects memory recollection and thus our ability to retain relevant information. The outcome of our study supports the usefulness of digital and interactive technologies as a tool to recover and preserve cultural heritage.
Novel Application of 3D Documentation Techniques at a Submerged Late Pleistocene Cave Site in Quintana Roo, Mexico
(IEEE, 2015) Rissolo, Dominique; Blank, Alberto Nava; Petrovic, Vid; Arce, Roberto Chavez; Jaskolski, Corey; Erreguerena, Pilar Luna; Chatters, James C.; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The submerged cave site of Hoyo Negro, located along the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, contains a diverse fossil assemblage of extinct megafauna as well as a nearly complete human skeleton. The remote nature of the site, and its limited access for researchers, requires the use of specialized documentation techniques in order to fully record the site and all its elements in three dimensions. The Proyecto Arqueologico Subacuatico Hoyo Negro of the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (INAH) of Mexico in cooperation with the Center of Interdisciplinary Science for Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (CISA3) at the University of California, San Diego is developing advanced protocols for structure-from-motion documentation and visualization of underwater cultural heritage sites.
Crowd-sourced Mobile Phone Images For Built Heritage Conservation Monitoring
(IEEE, 2015) Bearman, Greg; Ma, Wensen; Walton, Marc; Cossairt, Oiver; Doehne, Eric; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
We propose quantifying color in crowd- sourced images from mobile phones to monitor built heritage over time. Time-lapse color movies in CIE color space can provide information on a large range of deterioration mechanisms, including soiling, biofilm growth, weathering and vandalism. Citizen science can create large-scale geographical coverage of sites difficult to obtain any other way. We show that the color accuracy of current phones is sufficient for this purpose and demonstrate image registration, color calibration and change detection using mobile phone cameras. For accurate color, a calibration target of known, stable colors need to be in the image field of view.
A New Approach to Digitalization and Data Management of Cultural Heritage Sites
(IEEE, 2015) Ziparo, Vittorio Amos; Cottefoglie, Fabio; Calisi, Daniele; Giannone, Francesca; Grisetti, Giorgio; Leibe, Bastian; Proesmans, Marc; Salonia, Paolo; Gool, Luc Van; Ventura, Claudia; Stachniss, Cyrill; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
In this paper, we describe a novel approach for acquiring and managing digital models of archaeological sites. More in detail, we present an approach to digitization based on a robotic platform and a cloud-based information system. Our robot is the result of over two years of efforts by a group of cultural heritage experts, computer scientists and roboticists. Exploiting the large and heterogeneous amount data provided by the robotic platform requires this data to be managed, organized and analyzed. To this extent we developed ARIS (ARchaeological Information System), a software that exploits modern information retrieval and machine learning systems.
Application of 3D Technology For The Documentation of Late Medieval Wall Paintings in the Church of St. George in Lovran, Croatia
(IEEE, 2015) Krulić, Kristina; Novak, Zlatan; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
In recent years there has been a lot of interest in the application of 3D spatial data acquisition techniques such as 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry. Among the most demanding and challenging tasks in the protection of cultural heritage is the drawing up of detailed 3D documentation of wall paintings. The application of new technologies in conservation research and the documentation of late medieval wall paintings in the sanctuary of the church of St. George in Lovran is a process conducted periodically, depending on the financial and technical abilities at a given moment, and represents the first example of a comprehensive documentation of a national cultural heritage monument. This project shows how a combination of cutting-edge technologies in 3D spatial data acquisition was applied to document this remarkable historical piece of art.
3D Reconstruction for Museums and Scattered Collections (Applied Research for the Alexandre Lenoir's Museum of French Monuments)
(IEEE, 2015) Autran, Camille; Guéna, François; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This research aims to develop cheap and quite easyto- use methods for 3D museology. We worked with specialists of various fields to pool everyone's knowledge at its very best: historians, curators, and computer scientists built digital tools for enhanced communication, teaching and research for museums. We will show one of our experiment to show what digital technologies and 3D development can bring to the cultural world.
A Light Carbon Crane as an Alternative Approach for Vertical Structures and Facade Surveying
(IEEE, 2015) Saleri, Renato; Lequay, Hervé; Luca, Livio De; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Aerial surveying is, since more than 100 years, a huge field of research and application in the domain of architecture, archeology and, besides, cultural heritage. Increasing operational capabilities of recent UAV platforms, initially concieved for both civilian and military purposes, are today capable of autonomous flight and self decision making attitudes but must deal with complex regulatory options, resulting on limited operational possibilities, especially in dense urban areas. In France, the drone activity is subject to strict administrative constraints and flying today with high definition heavy-load cameras for SfM1 applications is becoming more and more restrictive. Existing alternatives are captive or remote controlled buoyant aircraft (blimps, balloons...) which are extremely subject to meteorological hazards, especially with turbulent and gusty atmosphere conditions, often incompatible with accurate spatial data gathering needs. Our laboratory developed an original solution to make possible, in a specific surveying context, the vertical deployment of a HD digital camera. This approach should be able to provide, on the basis of almost 10 years or SfM experience, an accurate 3D surveying of existing murals or vertical artifacts, that could guide, when needed, the involved research partners through a restoration and a safeguard process.
Photogrammetric Surveying and Stereotomy - The East Hall of the Palace of Charles V in Granada
(IEEE, 2015) Galera, Macarena Salcedo; López, José Calvo; Kalpeshbhai, Anand Shah; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Photogrammetry is increasingly becoming a widely used architectural heritage surveying method. This technique is specifically suitable for geometric and stereotomic analysis of masonry pieces. This paper describes a survey of the East hall of the Palace of Charles V in Granada carried out using convergent multi-image photogrammetry, in order to study its geometry and define its construction processes.
OCHRE a Powerful Tool for Culture Historical Research - A Chronological Model for Historical Roads and Paths
(IEEE, 2015) Vletter, Willem; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
In this paper the Online Cultural and Historical Research Environment (OCHRE) will be presented as a tool that facilitates the dating of historical roads and paths. It is makes use of extracted roads and paths from Airborne Laser Scan (ALS) data and historical maps. In this way, physical data and historical data are combined, resulting in a chronological model. In this model several queries can be carried out for analytical purposes.

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