DH2015 - Track 1

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/14458

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3D and Challenging Materials
(IEEE, 2015) Mathys, Aurore; Brecko, Jonathan; Spiegel, Didier Van den; Semal, Patrick; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Museum collections are composed of many different materials with different optical properties. These properties are an important factor to consider when using 3D digitisation as museum artefacts cannot be sprayed with an opaque coating to avoid reflection and facilitate 3D scanning. In this paper we review a wide variety of materials and techniques in order to propose guidelines for the 3D digitisation of different materials.
3D Reconstruction for Museums and Scattered Collections (Applied Research for the Alexandre Lenoir's Museum of French Monuments)
(IEEE, 2015) Autran, Camille; Guéna, François; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This research aims to develop cheap and quite easyto- use methods for 3D museology. We worked with specialists of various fields to pool everyone's knowledge at its very best: historians, curators, and computer scientists built digital tools for enhanced communication, teaching and research for museums. We will show one of our experiment to show what digital technologies and 3D development can bring to the cultural world.
3D Reconstruction with Fisheye Images: Strategies to Survey Complex Heritage Buildings
(IEEE, 2015) Covas, João; Ferreira, Victor; Mateus, Luís; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Over the last few decades photogrammetry and laser scanning have been frequently considered valuable tools for creating three-dimensional models from which metric and radiometric information can be derived for the survey of cultural heritage buildings, reverse engineering, space exploration and other areas. However reconstructing old heritage buildings digitally may be a challenging task especially when the shape, geometry and volume of these buildings are intrinsically complex therefore requiring specific methods or ad-hoc solutions. Medieval castles are typical constructions that exhibit these kinds of features with inaccessible locations, bridges, wide areas followed by small and limited spaces, battlements, towers and walls occluded by vegetation. This variety of problems can prolong the time required to complete the tasks when using laser scanning or photogrammetry with conventional lenses. In this paper we present a research of use of fisheye lenses in photogrammetry, for capturing medieval castles' geometric and radiometric information of hard to reach places. We conclude that this reduces the total time needed to capture the same amount of information gathered with other instruments, it allows replacing the usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in low flight situations, makes the survey connection between areas of a building easier, reduces the total number of images and allows making a general fast survey. The castles illustrated in this paper are the Castle of Sesimbra and the Castle of The Convent of Christ, both in Portugal.
Application of 3D Technology For The Documentation of Late Medieval Wall Paintings in the Church of St. George in Lovran, Croatia
(IEEE, 2015) Krulić, Kristina; Novak, Zlatan; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
In recent years there has been a lot of interest in the application of 3D spatial data acquisition techniques such as 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry. Among the most demanding and challenging tasks in the protection of cultural heritage is the drawing up of detailed 3D documentation of wall paintings. The application of new technologies in conservation research and the documentation of late medieval wall paintings in the sanctuary of the church of St. George in Lovran is a process conducted periodically, depending on the financial and technical abilities at a given moment, and represents the first example of a comprehensive documentation of a national cultural heritage monument. This project shows how a combination of cutting-edge technologies in 3D spatial data acquisition was applied to document this remarkable historical piece of art.
Application of georeferenced Archaeological Information Systems for Archaeological Digital Heritage - The Auxiliary Fortress of Carnuntum (Lower Austria)
(IEEE, 2015) Wallner, Mario; Juan, Torrejón Valdelomar; Neubauer, Wolfgang; Kucera, Matthias; Brandtner, Joachim; Sandici, Vlad; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Non-destructive prospection methods provide a powerful toolbox to explore Archaeological Heritage while it is still protected untouched below the actual surface. Due to recent technical developments in high resolution large scale non-invasive archaeological prospection by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology (LBI ArchPro) like motorized multi-channel Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), multi-sensor Magnetometry or Airborne Remote Sensing it became possible to efficently explore square kilometers of archaeological landscapes in high detail. Using a georeferenced Archaeological Information System (AIS) to compare, combine and interpret the archaeological information embedded within prospection and excavation data enable spatio-temporal analyses to derive the cultural development of an archaeological landscape.
Battery Aachen - Using Landscape Reconstruction for On-site Exploration of a World War One Military Unit
(IEEE, 2015) Nollet, Dries; Pletinckx, Daniel; Capurro, Carlotta; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This short paper shows the work that has been done in collaboration between Visual Dimension bvba and the Raversyde Museum for the reconstruction of the military site of the Battery Aachen, giving some hints of the further development of the project.
Bridging Monuments Through Digital Repository and Graphic Reconstruction Methodologies, The Digital Enhancement Project of Argolid, Arcadia and Corinthia Castles, Greece
(IEEE, 2015) Athanasoulis, Demetrios; Simou, Xeni; Georgiou, Antonios; Sfika, Anna; Klotsa, Vasiliki; Zirogianni, Theodora; Theodoropoulos, Chrysostomos; Deligianni, Eleni-Olga; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The former 25th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities in Greece has long been engaged in the research of medieval fortified architecture and in tailoring of restoration and promotion projects for particular monuments. Digital Enhancement of Argolid, Arcadia and Corinthia castles is an ongoing project, currently carried out under the jurisdiction of the newly established Argolid Ephorate of Antiquities. It concerns the creation of an archaeological-centered webplatform and smart-phone application for researchers and public, containing 105 sites of castles, fortified locations and individual towers, scattered within the geographical borders of the aforementioned prefectures. The current essay examines how the documentation methodology leads the visitor to extract comparative scientific data concerning the archaeological sites and fortified architecture in general by presenting what is the platform's contribution to visualizing archaeological space.
Bringing Collections to the Digital Era - 3 Examples of Integrated High Resolution Digitisations Projects
(IEEE, 2015) Mathys, Aurore; Brecko, Jonathan; Spiegel, Didier Van den; Cammaert, Laurence; Semal, Patrick; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
One of the primary concerns of museums nowadays is the digitisation of the collection to enhance conservation, accessibility and dissemination. We present in this paper 3 examples of collection digitisations carried out by 2 Belgian federal museums in the framework of the DIGIT-03 program. The first part details the creation of a 3D virtual museum, the second concerns focus stacking of type specimens and the last is the digitisation in 2D and 3D of a complete collection.
The Chimu Offerings - Integration of Applied Science and New Media in the Preservation and Dissemination of Prehispanic Heritage
(IEEE, 2015) Vilca, Cecilia; Castillo, Luis Enrique; Velasquez, Gladys Ocharan; Sarmento, Marco; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Example of integration of disciplines and professionals that use different technologies as part of the research process, recovery and revalorization of one of the major collections of metals of prehispanic heritage of Peru. It includes laboratory analysis of the vessels with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and x-rays, and their analytical, iconographic, technological and symbolic study in order to understand the society and the specialized work of the prehispanic goldsmiths. To finally use new media to bring the public these highly complex processes using tools and techniques of digital art such as video mapping, video editing, 2D animation and 3D animation.
A Comparison of Digital Modelling Techniques Analyzing a Section of Qhapaq Ñan
(IEEE, 2015) Retamozo, Saúl; Zvietcovich, Fernando; Arce, Diego; Quintana, Matias; Angeles, Sergio; Castañeda, Benjamin; Aguilar, Rafael; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Total Station has been one of the most common acquisition devices for achieving maps through topographic survey. Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Photogrammetry are commonly used to generate accurate meshes. In addition, commercial products such as Kinect offer low cost technology to acquire point-cloud information. The present paper aims to measure the accuracy of these digital modelling techniques by employing elevation contour maps, surface deviations and distance measurements. For this purpose, a 450 m sector of the Qhapaq Nan located in Lima-Peru, was selected as a case of study. A camera-enabled drone was used for acquiring pictures to obtain a high-resolution photogrammetric Total Station has been one of the most common acquisition devices for achieving maps through topographic survey. Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Photogrammetry are commonly used to generate accurate meshes. In addition, commercial products such as Kinect offer low cost technology to acquire point-cloud information. The present paper aims to measure the accuracy of these digital modelling techniques by employing elevation contour maps, surface deviations and distance measurements. For this purpose, a 450 m sector of the Qhapaq Nan located in Lima-Peru, was selected as a case of study. A camera-enabled drone was used for acquiring pictures to obtain a high-resolution photogrammetric model. Subsequently, a 3D survey of the monument was conducted with a time-of-flight laser scanner. Contour elevation lines where extracted from TLS, Photogrammetry and Total Station models at the same depths in order to determine the precision of photogrammetry and laser scanner reconstructions. In addition, geometrical comparisons were performed among the 3D models above mentioned and the Kinect sensor. The comparison showed that TLS is the most accurate tool for 3D reconstruction. However, Photogrammetry and Kinect provided errors of less than one centimeter in accuracy.
Comparison of Normalized Transfer Functions for Fast Blending-based Color Correction of Scans Acquired Under Natural Conditions
(IEEE, 2015) Schenkel, Arnaud; Debeir, Olivier; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This work deals with the multiview colorization of large site acquired during rapid survey conducted in natural uncontrolled climatic and light conditions. Image stitching and weighting methods are adapted to perform fine per vertex depth maps colorizations. Different transfer functions are evaluated to obtain the best visual results. The rendering computation time of our solution is compatible with real-time fieldwork. For models composed of large scans series, the results exhibit an uniform coloring and no significant visual artifacts. A global color quality map is also produced to identify weakness and to determine the next acquisition parameters.
Crowd-sourced Mobile Phone Images For Built Heritage Conservation Monitoring
(IEEE, 2015) Bearman, Greg; Ma, Wensen; Walton, Marc; Cossairt, Oiver; Doehne, Eric; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
We propose quantifying color in crowd- sourced images from mobile phones to monitor built heritage over time. Time-lapse color movies in CIE color space can provide information on a large range of deterioration mechanisms, including soiling, biofilm growth, weathering and vandalism. Citizen science can create large-scale geographical coverage of sites difficult to obtain any other way. We show that the color accuracy of current phones is sufficient for this purpose and demonstrate image registration, color calibration and change detection using mobile phone cameras. For accurate color, a calibration target of known, stable colors need to be in the image field of view.
Crowd-sourcing the 3D Digital Reconstructions of Lost Cultural Heritage
(IEEE, 2015) Vincent, Matthew; Coughenour, Chance; Remondino, Fabio; Gutiérrez, Mariano Flores; Bendicho, Victor Manuel Lopez-Menchero; Fritsch, Dieter; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Crowd-sourced photogrammetric reconstructions offer a unique opportunity for the digital visualisation of lost heritage. Project Mosul is a project that seeks to digitally reconstruct lost heritage, whether through war, conflict, natural disaster or other means, and preserve the memory of that heritage through digital preservation schemes. The project is not without its challenges, however. For example, geometric fidelity is impossible to determine, maintaining community interest, while returning some value to the research community. That being said, textured 3D models can still be a valuable source for visualization, memory and documentation.
Customised OCR Correction for Historical Medical Text
(IEEE, 2015) Thompson, Paul; Mcnaught, John; Ananiadou, Sophia; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Historical text archives constitute a rich and diverse source of information, which is becoming increasingly readily accessible, owing to large-scale digitisation efforts. Searchable access is typically provided by applying Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software to scanned page images. Often, however, the automatically recognised text contains a large number of errors, since OCR systems are typically optimised to deal with modern documents, and can struggle with historical document features, including variable print characteristics and archaic vocabulary usage. Low quality OCR text can reduce the efficiency of search systems over historical archives, particularly semantic systems that are based on the application of sophisticated text mining (TM) techniques. We report on a new OCR correction strategy, customised for historical medical documents. The method combines rule-based correction of regular errors with a medically-tuned spellchecking strategy, whose corrections are guided by information about subject-specific language usage from the publication period of the article to be corrected. The performance of our method compares favourably to other OCR post-correction strategies, in improving word-level accuracy of poor-quality documents by up to 16%.
Digitizing the Culture of Beijing - An Introduction of the Memories of Beijing Project
(IEEE, 2015) Liang, Jihong; Ma, Linqing; Wu, Yunpeng; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The Memories of Beijing project is an effort that aims at identification, representing, and disseminating the rich culture of Beijing, the capital city of China, via the employment of digital technologies. This proposal introduces the project's work up to date.
Documentation and Preservation of an Iron Age Site Through Photogrammetry - The Case of Monte Bernorio
(IEEE, 2015) Madrid, David Vacas; Millán, Elina Rodríguez; Martínez, Jesús Francisco Torres; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This work shows our experience using photogrammetry at the site of Monte Bernorio. It tackles the usefulness of this technology from two different points of view: On one hand, as a technique that can help to the preservation of excavated structures and objects, from a conservation viewpoint. On the other hand, as an improvement on the daily documentation during the excavation of an archaeological site, and on the research, dissemination and outreach tools that have been created through its use.
Fusion of 3D Data from Different Image-based and Range-based Sources for Efficient Heritage Recording
(IEEE, 2015) Muñumer, Estibaliz; Lerma, José Luis; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The rapid proliferation of three-dimensional (3D) data acquisition techniques based either on image-based approaches or on range-based approaches is changing the way cultural heritage is recorded. Independently of the technique selected, low-cost structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetric computer vision, stereo-plotting, surveying either with measuring tape, total station or global navigation satellite system (GNSS), up to laser scanning/LiDAR/RADAR, among others, there is a need to fuse efficiently different datasets. This research aims to test the fusion performance of the new 3DVEM - Register GEO software for the recording of a complex sculpture. The fusion of data will consider several point clouds acquired with a terrestrial laser scanner and one high-resolution point cloud generated with SfM software. The registration process is performed to merge all the data in a final homogeneous framework (reference system). The results obtained will be used to create a high-resolution 3D model of the sculpture from the consolidated data.
Geometry to Web - Jaen's Cathedral
(IEEE, 2015) Tirado, Gregorio Soria; Alvarado, Lidia Ortega; Higaruela, Francisco R. Feito; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
In this paper we describe the methodology carried out in the Cathedral of Jaén (Spain) during the scanning, processing of the resulting point clouds and the post-processing into a three-dimensional model. The virtual cathedral is placed in a web-site using WebGL in order to be visited and admired in detail.
GIS-Based Mapping of Archaeological Sites with Low-Altitude Aerial Photography and Structure from Motion - a Case Study from Southern Jordan
(IEEE, 2015) Howland, Matthew; Liss, Brady; Najjar, Mohammad; Levy, Thomas; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Structure from Motion (SfM) is one of the trendiest techniques in archaeology today. Archaeologists across the world are increasingly applying techniques of digital photogrammetry to record archaeological sites in three-dimensions, often for the sake of documenting active excavations or for acquiring a new perspective on sites. This paper describes one such recording campaign, conducted as part of the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project (ELRAP) in southern Jordan, under the direction of T.E. Levy and M. Najjar. ELRAP team members recorded the Iron Age copper production site of Khirbat al-Jariya with low-altitude balloon photography for the purpose of SfM modeling and production of 2D GIS data. This data served as an excellent basis for comprehensive site mapping, substantially improving on the results of previous, traditionally-conducted mapping efforts. We suggest that aerial SfM-based mapping approaches are the best method currently available for exhaustive site mapping.
Integrative 3D Recording Methods of Historic Architecture - Burg Hohenecken Castle from Southwest Germany
(IEEE, 2015) Pattee, Aaron; Höfle, Bernhard; Seitz, Christian; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This paper explores the methodology and application of laser scanning and photogrammetric recording methods to a very complex castle ruin. These methods allow for exact measurements to be made and the production of 3D digital models of the structure in question. The models built from the respective data combine the measuring strength of laser scanning with the visual aesthetics of photogrammetry. The case study is the medieval castle Burg Hohenecken in the city of Kaiserslautern in southwest Germany. Once digitized as a 3D model, the castle can be virtually controlled and examined, providing an opportunity to determine the age and potentially to reconstruct the castle from the different periods of it construction and expansion. Future analyses will include the identification of the different stone types and ages from the different building phases, the viewsheds from each respective building phase and perhaps the discovery of structures which have been completely lost.

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