GCH 2016 - Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/2630933

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Feature Identification in Archaeological Fragments Using Families of Algebraic Curves
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Torrente, Maria-Laura; Biasotti, Silvia; Falcidieno, Bianca; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
A method is proposed to identify and localize semantic features like anatomical characteristics or decorations on digital artefacts or fragments, even if the features are partially damaged or incomplete. This technique is based on a novel generalization of the Hough transform. Its major advantages are the relative robustness to noise and the recognition power also in the case of partial features. Our experiments on digital models of real artefacts show the potential of the method, which can work on both 3D meshes and point clouds.
3D Object Spatial- consistent Texture Maps Appropriate for 2D Image Processing
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Ioannakis, George; Koutsoudis, Anestis; Chamzas, Christos; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The aim of this work is to generate a spatial-consistent UV maps of a 3D object's texture suitable for 2D image processing algorithms. An approach to produce such a fully spatially consistent UV mapping suitable for image processing based on the planar parameterisation of the mesh is presented. The mesh of a 3D model is parametrised onto a unit square 2D plane using computational conformal geometry techniques. The proposed method is genus independent, due to an iterative 3D mesh cutting procedure. The selection of the initial seed vertex for the mesh-cut is not essential for the parameterisation of the geometry, however it affects heavily the appearance of the obtained texture map. In this work we attempt to determine such a seed vertex, in order the UV map to be suitable for image processing. Having the texture of a 3D model depicted on a spatially continuous two dimensional structure enables us to efficiently apply well known image processing based techniques and algorithms. Our method is applied on a 3D digital replica of an ancient Greek Lekythos vessel.
A Framework for Compact and Improved Panoramic VR Dissemination
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Fanini, Bruno; D'Annibale, Enzo; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Panoramic capture devices in Cultural Heritage are becoming widely available to consumer market, also due to comfortable interactive online dissemination and to the growth of VR segment. VR fruition through an HMD although, requires a virtual 3D representation to provide consistency in terms of experience, scale and spatial perception, overcoming limitations of standard approaches in orientation+positional HMD tracking model. However, modeling of 3D scenes and especially optimization of acquired dataset, are often time-consuming tasks: these are further stressed when dealing with latency-free demands of latest HMDs. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for panoramic acquisition and an improved data model for VR dissemination: spherical panoramas, omnidirectional depth-maps and semantic annotations are encoded into a compact, coherent representation that suits modern HMD needs and low-cost VR devices. We describe advantages of our approach in terms of acquisition pipeline, presence and depth perception in HMDs fruition, discussing also visualization efficiency in online contexts. We present a few case studies where we applied the methodology and the workflow we adopted, comparing results. We discuss integration of existing desktop toolkits into the pipeline, dissemination capabilities through recent WebVR API and framework advantages for immersive VR panoramic video streaming.
A Complete Workflow From the Data Collection on the Field to the Deployment of a Virtual Museum: the Case of Virtual Sarmizegetusa
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Antal, Adriana; Bota, Emilian; Ciongradi, Carmen; D'Annibale, Enzo; Demetrescu, Emanuel; Dima, Cristian; Fanini, Bruno; Ferdani, Daniele; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
This paper presents the first installation produced with the data collected on the ancient roman city of Colonia Dacica Sarmizegetusa: it can be considered a concrete example of a full workflow, from photogrammetric 3D acquisition to gaming experience, able to contribute to the community of experts in the domain of virtual museum. The visualization of enormous archaeological contexts like a whole ancient city has been a test bed to develop tools and methodologies in order to create and maintain accurate and fully real-time enabled 3D models. In the temporary exhibition, open until 30 September 2016, a multimedia installation based on "natural interaction" solutions was set up: thanks to Kinect and Leap-Motion sensors visitors can interact with virtual environments and objects, using gestures to experience a more engaging and intuitive experience.
CHER-Ob: A Tool for Shared Analysis in Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Shi, Weiqi; Kotoula, Eleni; Akoglu, Kiraz; Yang, Ying; Rushmeier, Holly; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The study of cultural heritage involves many different activities, including digital data visualization, information analysis and sharing results. Current technologies focus on providing better tools for data representation and processing, neglecting the importance of analysis and sharing. In this paper, we present a software system, CHER-Ob, which offers powerful tools for evaluation and publication of the results of cultural heritage research, and at the same time supports visualization of various data formats. CHER-Ob also introduces the concept of Cultural Heritage Entity, which serves as a template for cultural heritage research and a model to manage projects. We use typical case studies of cultural heritage research to evaluate the system and demonstrate how it works.
Digital Epigraphic Heritage Made Simple: an Android App for Exploring 3D Roman Inscriptions
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Ramírez, Manuel; Suárez, Jose Pablo; Trujillo, Agustín; Fernández, Pablo; Santana, Jose Miguel; Ortega, Sebastián; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Spain keeps an exceptional epigraphic heritage, dated from the Roman civilization, that integrates thousands of Latin inscriptions nowadays disseminated along the Iberian peninsula. For many purposes such as education, innovation, cataloging, study and dissemination of this type of historical documentation, a clear demand of placing all this epigraphic heritage into modern 3D graphics, internet and mobile devices is increasing. We present the novel 'Epigraphia 3D' for handheld devices, a native Android app for exploring a total of 60 Roman inscriptions from the National Museum of Roman Art (Mérida, Badajoz). The work emphasizes the 3D nature feature for navigating through the inscriptions, by using Glob3 Mobile, an open source GIS framework for visualizing the 3D inscriptions. Besides, an error analysis of the simplified models is tackled.
Representation and Visualization of Urban Fabric through Historical Documents
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Samuel, John; Périnaud, Clémentine; Servigne, Sylvie; Gay, Georges; Gesquière, Gilles; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Documents serve an important role in understanding change in urban fabric. The available multidimensional (spatial, temporal and thematic) information in these documents narrate not only the various features of the elements of the urban fabric but also notifies their changes during time. CityGML standard is used to spatially and temporally represent the city objects. But it misses features to represent city lifecycle and its linked documents. The first part has been addressed recently. In this article, we propose an extension to CityGML standard to integrate city objects and relevant associated documents. Proposing a solution based on standards permits data interoperability. We also briefly describe how these documents are visualized in our current 3D urban environment prototype built over CityGML.
The Missing Scholarship Behind Virtual Heritage Infrastructures
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Champion, Erik Malcolm; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
This theoretical position paper outlines four key issues blocking the development of effective 3D models that would be suitable for the aims and objectives of virtual heritage infrastructures. It suggests that a real-time game environment which composes levels at runtime from streaming multimédia components would offer advantages in terms of editing, customisation and personalisation. The paper concludes with three recommendations for virtual heritage infrastructures.
ArchAIDE - Archaeological Automatic Interpretation and Documentation of cEramics
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Gualandi, Maria Letizia; Scopigno, Roberto; Wolf, Lior; Richards, Julian; Garrigos, Jaume Buxeda i; Heinzelmann, Michael; Hervas, Miguel Angel; Vila, Llorenc; Zallocco, Massimo; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The goals of H2020 project "ArchAIDE: are to support the classification and interpretation work of archaeologists with innovative computer-based tools, able to provide the user with features for the semi-automatic description and matching of potsherds over the huge existing ceramic catalogues. Pottery classification is of fundamental importance for the comprehension and dating of the archaeological contexts, and for understanding production, trade flows and social interactions, but it requires complex skills and it is a very time consuming activity, both for researchers and professionals. The aim of ArchAIDE is to support the work of archaeologists, in order to meet real user needs and generate economic benefits, reducing time and costs. This would create societal benefits from cultural heritage, improving access, re-use and exploitation of the digital cultural heritage in a sustainable way. These objectives will be achieved through the development of: - an as-automatic-as-possible procedure to transform the paper catalogues in a digital description, to be used as a data pool for search and retrieval process; - a tool (mainly designed for mobile devices) that will support archaeologists in recognizing and classifying potsherds during excavation and post-excavation analysis, through an easy-to-use interface and efficient algorithms for characterisation, search and retrieval of the visual/geometrical correspondences; - an automatic procedure to derive a complete potsherds identity card by transforming the data collected into a formatted electronic document, printable or visual; - a web-based real-time data visualisation to improve access to archaeological heritage and generate new understanding; - an open archive to allow the archival and re-use of archaeological data, transforming them into common heritage and permitting economic sustainability. Those tools will be tested and assessed on real-cases scenarios, paving the way to future exploitation.
Color Restoration of Scanned Archaeological Artifacts with Repetitive Patterns
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Gilad-Glickman, Danit; Shimshoni, Ilan; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Our work addresses the problem of virtually restoring archaeological artifacts. Virtual restoration is the process of creating a noise-free model of a degraded object, to visualize its original appearance. Our work focuses on restoring the coloring of the object. We considered both 2D and 3D objects, including scans of ancient texts and 3D models of decorated pottery. Our denoising method exploits typical characteristics of archaeological artifacts, such as repetitive decoration motifs and a limited palette of colors. Our classification method is based on minimization of an energy function, which includes a correspondence term, to encourage consistent labeling of similar regions. The energy function is minimized using the Graph-Cuts algorithm.
Toward a Multimodal Photogrammetric Acquisition and Processing Methodology for Monitoring Conservation and Restoration Studies
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Pamart, Anthony; Guillon, Odile; Vallet, Jean-Marc; Luca, Livio De; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Close-range photogrammetry is nowadays a common technique applied to acquire 3D data on Cultural Heritage (CH) artifacts. Image-based modeling are indeed providing useful resources for the documentation and the conservation but it is also set more recently as a monitoring tool that could help the decision making in term of restoration. The 3D footprint restitutes as a point cloud, the appearance according to a definite spatial resolution and at a given time, the visible surface of an artifact. Nevertheless, different techniques of scientific imaging are also used to obtain complementary information. This paper explores a multimodal approach of the photogrammetric survey and data processing to reach a multidimensional data integration (i.e. spatial, temporal and, or spectral).
Accelerating Point Cloud Cleaning
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Mulder, Rickert L.; Marais, Patrick; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
A laser scanning campaign to capture the geometry of a large heritage site can produce thousands of high resolution range scans. These must be cleaned to remove noise and artefacts. To accelerate the cleaning task, we can i) reduce the time required for batch-processing tasks, ii) reduce user interaction time, or iii) replace interactive tasks with more efficient automated algorithms. We present a point cloud cleaning framework that attempts to improve each of these aspects. First, we present a novel system architecture targeted point cloud segmentation. This architecture represents 'layers' of related points in a way that greatly reduces memory consumption and provides efficient set operations between layers. These set operations (union, difference, intersection) allow the creation of new layers which aid in the segmentation task. Next, we introduce roll-corrected 3D camera navigation that allows a user to look around freely while reducing disorientation. A user study showed that this camera mode significantly reduces a user´s navigation time between locations in a large point cloud thus accelerating point selection operations. Finally, we show how boosted random forests can be trained interactively, per scan, to assist users in a point cleaning task. To achieve interactivity, we sub-sample the training data on the fly and use efficient features adapted to the properties of range scans. Training and classification required 8-9s for point clouds up to 11 million points. Tests showed that a simple user-selected seed allowed walls to be recovered from tree and bush overgrowth with up to 92% accuracy (f-score). A preliminary user study showed that overall task time performance was improved. The study could however not confirm this result as statistically significant with 19 users. These results are, however, promising and suggest that even larger performance improvements are likely with more sophisticated features or the use of colour range images, which are now commonplace.
3-D Digital Preservation of At-Risk Global Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Lercari, Nicola; Shulze, Jurgen; Wendrich, Willeke; Porter, Benjamin; Burton, Margie; Levy, Thomas E.; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Recent current events have dramatically highlighted the vulnerability of the world's material cultural heritage. The 3-D Digital Preservation of At-Risk Global Cultural Heritage project, led by Thomas Levy at UC San Diego, catalyzes a collaborative research effort by four University of California campuses (San Diego, Berkeley, Los Angeles and Merced) to use cyberarchaeology and computer graphics for cultural heritage to document and safeguard virtually some of the most at-risk heritage objects and places. Faculty and students involved in this project are conducting path-breaking archaeological research - covering more than 10,000 years of culture and architecture - in Cyprus, Greece, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Turkey, and the United States. This project uses the 3-D archaeological data collected in numerous at-risk heritage places to study, forecast, and model the effects of human conflict, climate change, natural disasters and technological and cultural changes on these sites and landscapes. The greater challenge undertaken by this project is to integrate archaeological heritage data and digital heritage data using the recently-announced Pacific Research Platform (PRP) and its 10-100Gb/s network as well as virtual reality kiosks installed in each participating UC campus. Our aim is to link UC San Diego and the San Diego Supercomputer Center to other labs, libraries and museums at the other UC campuses to form a highly-networked collaborative platform for curation, analysis, and visualization of 3D archaeological heritage data.
Semantic Structuring and 3D Modeling of Masonry Structure
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Jacquot, Kévin; Luca, Livio De; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Studies of architectural heritage require tight control over spatial data. It is an prerequisite for the representation, analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage. As regards the morphology of architectural works, the challenge is to move from 3D survey raw data to semantic 3D models. The objective of our project is to develop and experiment a process for the treatment of point clouds in order to create a computational model dedicated to mechanic behavior analysis. Thus, the modeling and semantic structuring is achieved through a knowledge-based approach. Semantic dimension and topological constraints are identified and explicated through the creation of a knowledge model of masonry works. This knowledge is used to implement a set of tools for the reverse engineering of digitized masonry structures.
4D Virtual Reconstruction of White Bastion Fortress
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Rizvic, Selma; Okanovic, Vensada; Prazina, Irfan; Sadzak, Aida; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
White bastion fortress has been standing in defense of Sarajevo since medieval period. In time it was changing together with various dominations upon the city. 4D virtual presentation aims to display the historical development of this cultural heritage object through digital storytelling combined with interactive 3D models of the Bastion in various time periods. These models contain digitized findings from the site and their 3D reconstructions. In this paper we present a new method of interactive digital storytelling for cultural heritage and its initial user evaluation.
Vis-à-vis with Leonardo. Designing Digital Encounters
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Ceconello, Mauro; Spallazzo, Davide; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The paper describes, frames and analyses the exhibit Leonardo Plays Leonardo. Milan. Life. Nature. at Fondazione Stelline in Milan. This gesture-based interactive installation, located in the cloister of Palazzo delle Stelline, showcases Leonardo da Vinci and his Milanese years. The project is based on the idea of digital encounter and allows visitors to meet a real size simulated hologram of the Renaissance Master who tells several short stories about his life, his years in Milan and his relationship with nature. The article frames the projects in the context of digital encounters in CH field and embodied interaction systems, describes how the system was realized and presents preliminary data about the usage.
Conservation Digital Report: Standard Documentation in Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Baratin, Laura; Scicolone, Giovanna; Lonati, Stefano; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The 'documentation', in general terms, is the need to gather informations collected for a specific topic so they can be available now and in the future. Obtaining the information is a process that involves many steps: the study, the analysis and the elaboration of the information; all these processes expand and transform the common conception of the term, as not only a mere recording of a phenomenon. In this sense, the documentation becomes an operation 'dynamic, as the basis for further considerations on the object analysed. The documentation of an artwork before restoration can be summarized in three sequential steps: - preliminary documentation to identify the problem and guide the next steps; - systematic and comprehensive documentation, to provide both global and detail vision on the artwork; - additional documentation, with further investigation and checks to be developed over time. The documentation needs, therefore, the correct setup of a systematic structure of informations into a system of classification to store the acquired data, and this process depends on the correct understanding of the theme. In order to standardize the acquisition and disclosure of information, it is therefore necessary to standardize the process of documentation as a whole, from the earliest steps of collection to the presentation of results. 'ConditionReport.it' software system allows the drafting and completion online of an actual 'condition report' for many different kind of artworks, thanks to a flexible and interactive software that can be adjusted according to the different public or private requirements, creating personalized documents. Some examples will illustrate the potential of the system as a standardization of the documentation process for conservation and restoration of different types of cultural heritage, and also as management system for data from different sources.
3D in-world Telepresence With Camera-Tracked Gestural Interaction
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Champion, Erik Malcolm; Qiang, Li; Lacet, Demetrius; Dekker, Andrew; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
While many education institutes use Skype, Google Chat or other commercial video-conferencing applications, these applications are not suitable for presenting architectural or urban design or archaeological information, as they don't integrate the presenter with interactive 3D media. Nor do they allow spatial or component-based interaction controlled by the presenter in a natural and intuitive manner, without needing to sit or stoop over a mouse or keyboard. A third feature that would be very useful is to mirror the presenter's gestures and actions so that the presenter does not have to try to face both audience and screen. To meet these demands we developed a prototype camera-tracking application using a Kinect camera sensor and multi-camera Unity windows for teleconferencing that required the presentation of interactive 3D content along with the speaker (or an avatar that mirrored the gestures of the speaker). Cheaply available commercial software and hardware but coupled with a large display screen (in this case an 8 meter wide curved screen) allows participants to have their gestures, movements and group behavior fed into the virtual environment either directly or indirectly. Allowing speakers to present 3D virtual worlds remotely located audiences while appearing to be inside virtual worlds has immediate practical uses for teaching and long-distance collaboration.
On-site AR Interface based on Web-based 3D Database for Cultural Heritage in Egypt
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Yasumuro, Yoshihiro; Matsushita, Ryosuke; Higo, Tokihisa; Suita, Hiroshi; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
We have been developing a web-based 3D archiving system for supporting the diverse specialties and nationalities needed for carrying out the survey and restoration work of the archaeological project at the Mastaba of Idout in Saqqara, Egypt. Our 3D archiving system is designed for the spontaneous updating, accumulating, and sharing of information on findings in order to better enable frequent discussions, through a 3D virtual copy of the field site that a user can visit, explore, and embed information into, over the Internet. This paper proposes an AR (augmented reality) interface for on-site use to enhance access from mobile devices at the actual site to the archiving system. We utilize SFM (structure from motion) to organize the photos and their shooting viewpoints in 3D space. Then solving the Perspective-n-Point (PnP) problem, a photo taken at the site can be stably matched to the pre-registered photo sets in the archiving system and the archived information is automatically overlaid on the photo with precise perspective, just in the same manner as exploring the virtual version of the site on desktop PCs. This paper shows effective AR representation performance with millimeters precisions of the AR representation at the on-going project site, as well as the implementation details.
Harvesting Dynamic 3D Worlds from Commodity Sensor Clouds
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Boubekeur, Tamy; Cignoni, Paolo; Eisemann, Elmar; Goesele, Michael; Klein, Reinhard; Roth, Stefan; Weinmann, Michael; Wimmer, Michael; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The EU FP7 FET-Open project ''Harvest4D: Harvesting Dynamic 3D Worlds from Commodity Sensor Clouds'' deals with the acquisition, processing, and display of dynamic 3D data. Technological progress is offering us a wide-spread availability of sensing devices that deliver different data streams, which can be easily deployed in the real world and produce streams of sampled data with increased density and easier iteration of the sampling process. These data need to be processed and displayed in a new way. The Harvest4D project proposes a radical change in acquisition and processing technology: instead of a goaldriven acquisition that determines the devices and sensors, its methods let the sensors and resulting available data determine the acquisition process. A variety of challenging problems need to be solved: huge data amounts, different modalities, varying scales, dynamic, noisy and colorful data. This short contribution presents a selection of the many scientific results produced by Harvest4D. We will focus on those results that could bring a major impact to the Cultural Heritage domain, namely facilitating the acquisition of the sampled data or providing advanced visual analysis capabilities.

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