GCH 2016 - Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage

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2D/3D Semantic Annotation of Spatialized Images for the Documentation and Analysis of Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Manuel, Adeline; Véron, Philippe; Luca, Livio De; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The introduction of digital technologies in the documentation methods for cultural heritage has helped to design new tools for the acquisition and management of information collected for multidisciplinary studies. These tools are beginning to emerge as the preferred media for describing, analyzing and understanding the objects of study. Existing solutions for semantic annotation on images, on 3D models or with 2D/3D hybrid methods still reveal themselves today insufficient to tackle the complex problem of annotating heritage artifacts. In this field, the semantic description of the studied objects must be able to rely on a rich and structured representation by on one hand making explicit the morphological complexity of the object and on the other hand by reflecting all aspects conveyed by the acquisitions of scientific imaging. This paper introduces an approach for conducting semantic annotations on 2D images (photography, scientific imaging ...) while facilitating the annotation work with an automatic propagation of these annotations between other correlated representations (2D or 3D) of the object. It is based on a spatial referencing method aiming at the establishment of a continuous 2D/3D projective relationship. The goal of the approach is to define an informative continuum between all phases of observation and description processes ranging from the acquisition of images and spatial data up to the building of semantically-enriched 3D representations. The idea is to insert semantics at all phases of 2D/3D data processing while ensuring a continuous correlation of annotations from a spatial, temporal and morphological point of view.
3-D Digital Preservation of At-Risk Global Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Lercari, Nicola; Shulze, Jurgen; Wendrich, Willeke; Porter, Benjamin; Burton, Margie; Levy, Thomas E.; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Recent current events have dramatically highlighted the vulnerability of the world's material cultural heritage. The 3-D Digital Preservation of At-Risk Global Cultural Heritage project, led by Thomas Levy at UC San Diego, catalyzes a collaborative research effort by four University of California campuses (San Diego, Berkeley, Los Angeles and Merced) to use cyberarchaeology and computer graphics for cultural heritage to document and safeguard virtually some of the most at-risk heritage objects and places. Faculty and students involved in this project are conducting path-breaking archaeological research - covering more than 10,000 years of culture and architecture - in Cyprus, Greece, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Turkey, and the United States. This project uses the 3-D archaeological data collected in numerous at-risk heritage places to study, forecast, and model the effects of human conflict, climate change, natural disasters and technological and cultural changes on these sites and landscapes. The greater challenge undertaken by this project is to integrate archaeological heritage data and digital heritage data using the recently-announced Pacific Research Platform (PRP) and its 10-100Gb/s network as well as virtual reality kiosks installed in each participating UC campus. Our aim is to link UC San Diego and the San Diego Supercomputer Center to other labs, libraries and museums at the other UC campuses to form a highly-networked collaborative platform for curation, analysis, and visualization of 3D archaeological heritage data.
3D Documentation and Semantic Aware Representation of Cultural Heritage: the INCEPTION Project
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Giulio, Roberto Di; Maietti, Federica; Piaia, Emanuele; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
As part of 3D integrated survey applied to Cultural Heritage, digital documentation is gradually emerging as effective support of many different information in addition to the shape, morphology and dimensional data. The implementation of data collection processes and the development of semantically enriched 3D models is an effective way to enhance the dialogue between ICT technologies, different Cultural Heritage experts, users and different disciplines, both social and technical. The possibility to achieve interoperable models able to enrich the interdisciplinary knowledge of European cultural identity is one of the main outcome of the European Project "INCEPTION - Inclusive Cultural Heritage in Europe through 3D semantic modelling", funded by EC within the Programme Horizon 2020. The project ranges from the documentation and diagnostic strategies for heritage protection, management and enhancement, to the 3D acquisition technologies. The development of hardware, software and digital platforms is aimed at representation and dissemination of cultural heritage through ICT processes and BIM addresses to Cultural Heritage assets, up to the implementation of semantic information to a wider and more extensive use of 3D digital models.
3D in-world Telepresence With Camera-Tracked Gestural Interaction
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Champion, Erik Malcolm; Qiang, Li; Lacet, Demetrius; Dekker, Andrew; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
While many education institutes use Skype, Google Chat or other commercial video-conferencing applications, these applications are not suitable for presenting architectural or urban design or archaeological information, as they don't integrate the presenter with interactive 3D media. Nor do they allow spatial or component-based interaction controlled by the presenter in a natural and intuitive manner, without needing to sit or stoop over a mouse or keyboard. A third feature that would be very useful is to mirror the presenter's gestures and actions so that the presenter does not have to try to face both audience and screen. To meet these demands we developed a prototype camera-tracking application using a Kinect camera sensor and multi-camera Unity windows for teleconferencing that required the presentation of interactive 3D content along with the speaker (or an avatar that mirrored the gestures of the speaker). Cheaply available commercial software and hardware but coupled with a large display screen (in this case an 8 meter wide curved screen) allows participants to have their gestures, movements and group behavior fed into the virtual environment either directly or indirectly. Allowing speakers to present 3D virtual worlds remotely located audiences while appearing to be inside virtual worlds has immediate practical uses for teaching and long-distance collaboration.
3D Object Spatial- consistent Texture Maps Appropriate for 2D Image Processing
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Ioannakis, George; Koutsoudis, Anestis; Chamzas, Christos; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The aim of this work is to generate a spatial-consistent UV maps of a 3D object's texture suitable for 2D image processing algorithms. An approach to produce such a fully spatially consistent UV mapping suitable for image processing based on the planar parameterisation of the mesh is presented. The mesh of a 3D model is parametrised onto a unit square 2D plane using computational conformal geometry techniques. The proposed method is genus independent, due to an iterative 3D mesh cutting procedure. The selection of the initial seed vertex for the mesh-cut is not essential for the parameterisation of the geometry, however it affects heavily the appearance of the obtained texture map. In this work we attempt to determine such a seed vertex, in order the UV map to be suitable for image processing. Having the texture of a 3D model depicted on a spatially continuous two dimensional structure enables us to efficiently apply well known image processing based techniques and algorithms. Our method is applied on a 3D digital replica of an ancient Greek Lekythos vessel.
3D Semantic Modelling of Scale Models from 2D Historical Plans
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Chevrier, Christine; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The French collection of Plans-Reliefs, scale models of fortified towns, are an exceptional architectural heritage. Many cities, represented on these plans-reliefs, would like to expose, develop and exploit this historical knowledge. However, the fragility, the dimension of the supports and the exposure conditions make this acquisition difficult. Thus, the creation and the exploitation of a virtual model is an interesting alternative. This paper presents a new method exploiting historical documentary for the 3D semantic modelling of Plans-Reliefs as more than the half physical Plans-Reliefs are currently enclosed in containers in Paris. From 2D plans, ground outlines and facades of buildings are partially-automatically extracted to create automatically the 3D textured model of each building and ground elements (streets, rivers and courtyards). Another specificity of the method is the use of graphical schemes for the description of parametric objects.
4D Virtual Reconstruction of White Bastion Fortress
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Rizvic, Selma; Okanovic, Vensada; Prazina, Irfan; Sadzak, Aida; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
White bastion fortress has been standing in defense of Sarajevo since medieval period. In time it was changing together with various dominations upon the city. 4D virtual presentation aims to display the historical development of this cultural heritage object through digital storytelling combined with interactive 3D models of the Bastion in various time periods. These models contain digitized findings from the site and their 3D reconstructions. In this paper we present a new method of interactive digital storytelling for cultural heritage and its initial user evaluation.
Accelerating Point Cloud Cleaning
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Mulder, Rickert L.; Marais, Patrick; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
A laser scanning campaign to capture the geometry of a large heritage site can produce thousands of high resolution range scans. These must be cleaned to remove noise and artefacts. To accelerate the cleaning task, we can i) reduce the time required for batch-processing tasks, ii) reduce user interaction time, or iii) replace interactive tasks with more efficient automated algorithms. We present a point cloud cleaning framework that attempts to improve each of these aspects. First, we present a novel system architecture targeted point cloud segmentation. This architecture represents 'layers' of related points in a way that greatly reduces memory consumption and provides efficient set operations between layers. These set operations (union, difference, intersection) allow the creation of new layers which aid in the segmentation task. Next, we introduce roll-corrected 3D camera navigation that allows a user to look around freely while reducing disorientation. A user study showed that this camera mode significantly reduces a user´s navigation time between locations in a large point cloud thus accelerating point selection operations. Finally, we show how boosted random forests can be trained interactively, per scan, to assist users in a point cleaning task. To achieve interactivity, we sub-sample the training data on the fly and use efficient features adapted to the properties of range scans. Training and classification required 8-9s for point clouds up to 11 million points. Tests showed that a simple user-selected seed allowed walls to be recovered from tree and bush overgrowth with up to 92% accuracy (f-score). A preliminary user study showed that overall task time performance was improved. The study could however not confirm this result as statistically significant with 19 users. These results are, however, promising and suggest that even larger performance improvements are likely with more sophisticated features or the use of colour range images, which are now commonplace.
ArchAIDE - Archaeological Automatic Interpretation and Documentation of cEramics
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Gualandi, Maria Letizia; Scopigno, Roberto; Wolf, Lior; Richards, Julian; Garrigos, Jaume Buxeda i; Heinzelmann, Michael; Hervas, Miguel Angel; Vila, Llorenc; Zallocco, Massimo; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The goals of H2020 project "ArchAIDE: are to support the classification and interpretation work of archaeologists with innovative computer-based tools, able to provide the user with features for the semi-automatic description and matching of potsherds over the huge existing ceramic catalogues. Pottery classification is of fundamental importance for the comprehension and dating of the archaeological contexts, and for understanding production, trade flows and social interactions, but it requires complex skills and it is a very time consuming activity, both for researchers and professionals. The aim of ArchAIDE is to support the work of archaeologists, in order to meet real user needs and generate economic benefits, reducing time and costs. This would create societal benefits from cultural heritage, improving access, re-use and exploitation of the digital cultural heritage in a sustainable way. These objectives will be achieved through the development of: - an as-automatic-as-possible procedure to transform the paper catalogues in a digital description, to be used as a data pool for search and retrieval process; - a tool (mainly designed for mobile devices) that will support archaeologists in recognizing and classifying potsherds during excavation and post-excavation analysis, through an easy-to-use interface and efficient algorithms for characterisation, search and retrieval of the visual/geometrical correspondences; - an automatic procedure to derive a complete potsherds identity card by transforming the data collected into a formatted electronic document, printable or visual; - a web-based real-time data visualisation to improve access to archaeological heritage and generate new understanding; - an open archive to allow the archival and re-use of archaeological data, transforming them into common heritage and permitting economic sustainability. Those tools will be tested and assessed on real-cases scenarios, paving the way to future exploitation.
Automatic Selection of Video Frames for Path Regularization and 3D Reconstruction
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Pavoni, Gaia; Dellepiane, Matteo; Callieri, Marco; Scopigno, Roberto; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Video sequences can be a valuable source to document the state of objects and sites. They are easy to acquire and they usually ensure a complete coverage of the object of interest. One of their possible uses is to recover the acquisition path, or the 3D shape of the scene. This can be done by applying structurefrom- motion techniques to a representative set of frames extracted from the video. This paper presents an automatic method for the extraction of a predefined number of representative frames that ensures an accurate reconstruction of the sequence path, and possibly enhances the 3D reconstruction of the scene. The automatic extraction is obtained by analyzing adjacent frames in a starting subset, and adding/removing frames so that the distance between them remains constant. This ensures the reconstruction of a regularized path and an optimized coverage of all the scene. Finally, more frames are added in the portions of the sequence when more detailed objects are framed. This ensures a better description of the sequence, and a more accurate dense reconstruction. The method is automatic, fast and independent from any assumption about the acquired object or the acquisition strategy. It was tested on a variety of different video sequences, showing that a satisfying result can be obtained regardless of the length and quality of the input.
c-Space: Time-evolving 3D Models (4D) from Heterogeneous Distributed Video Sources
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Ritz, Martin; Knuth, Martin; Domajnko, Matevz; Posniak, Oliver; Santos, Pedro; Fellner, Dieter W.; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
We introduce c-Space, an approach to automated 4D reconstruction of dynamic real world scenes, represented as time-evolving 3D geometry streams, available to everyone. Our novel technique solves the problem of fusing all sources, asynchronously captured from multiple heterogeneous mobile devices around a dynamic scene at a real word location. To this end all captured input is broken down into a massive unordered frame set, sorting the frames along a common time axis, and finally discretizing the ordered frame set into a time-sequence of frame subsets, each subject to photogrammetric 3D reconstruction. The result is a time line of 3D models, each representing a snapshot of the scene evolution in 3D at a specific point in time. Just like a movie is a concatenation of time-discrete frames, representing the evolution of a scene in 2D, the 4D frames reconstructed by c-Space line up to form the captured and dynamically changing 3D geometry of an event over time, thus enabling the user to interact with it in the very same way as with a static 3D model. We do image analysis to automatically maximize the quality of results in the presence of challenging, heterogeneous and asynchronous input sources exhibiting a wide quality spectrum. In addition we show how this technique can be integrated as a 4D reconstruction web service module, available to mobile end-users.
CHER-Ob: A Tool for Shared Analysis in Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Shi, Weiqi; Kotoula, Eleni; Akoglu, Kiraz; Yang, Ying; Rushmeier, Holly; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The study of cultural heritage involves many different activities, including digital data visualization, information analysis and sharing results. Current technologies focus on providing better tools for data representation and processing, neglecting the importance of analysis and sharing. In this paper, we present a software system, CHER-Ob, which offers powerful tools for evaluation and publication of the results of cultural heritage research, and at the same time supports visualization of various data formats. CHER-Ob also introduces the concept of Cultural Heritage Entity, which serves as a template for cultural heritage research and a model to manage projects. We use typical case studies of cultural heritage research to evaluate the system and demonstrate how it works.
Color Restoration of Scanned Archaeological Artifacts with Repetitive Patterns
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Gilad-Glickman, Danit; Shimshoni, Ilan; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Our work addresses the problem of virtually restoring archaeological artifacts. Virtual restoration is the process of creating a noise-free model of a degraded object, to visualize its original appearance. Our work focuses on restoring the coloring of the object. We considered both 2D and 3D objects, including scans of ancient texts and 3D models of decorated pottery. Our denoising method exploits typical characteristics of archaeological artifacts, such as repetitive decoration motifs and a limited palette of colors. Our classification method is based on minimization of an energy function, which includes a correspondence term, to encourage consistent labeling of similar regions. The energy function is minimized using the Graph-Cuts algorithm.
A Complete Workflow From the Data Collection on the Field to the Deployment of a Virtual Museum: the Case of Virtual Sarmizegetusa
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Antal, Adriana; Bota, Emilian; Ciongradi, Carmen; D'Annibale, Enzo; Demetrescu, Emanuel; Dima, Cristian; Fanini, Bruno; Ferdani, Daniele; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
This paper presents the first installation produced with the data collected on the ancient roman city of Colonia Dacica Sarmizegetusa: it can be considered a concrete example of a full workflow, from photogrammetric 3D acquisition to gaming experience, able to contribute to the community of experts in the domain of virtual museum. The visualization of enormous archaeological contexts like a whole ancient city has been a test bed to develop tools and methodologies in order to create and maintain accurate and fully real-time enabled 3D models. In the temporary exhibition, open until 30 September 2016, a multimedia installation based on "natural interaction" solutions was set up: thanks to Kinect and Leap-Motion sensors visitors can interact with virtual environments and objects, using gestures to experience a more engaging and intuitive experience.
Conservation Digital Report: Standard Documentation in Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Baratin, Laura; Scicolone, Giovanna; Lonati, Stefano; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The 'documentation', in general terms, is the need to gather informations collected for a specific topic so they can be available now and in the future. Obtaining the information is a process that involves many steps: the study, the analysis and the elaboration of the information; all these processes expand and transform the common conception of the term, as not only a mere recording of a phenomenon. In this sense, the documentation becomes an operation 'dynamic, as the basis for further considerations on the object analysed. The documentation of an artwork before restoration can be summarized in three sequential steps: - preliminary documentation to identify the problem and guide the next steps; - systematic and comprehensive documentation, to provide both global and detail vision on the artwork; - additional documentation, with further investigation and checks to be developed over time. The documentation needs, therefore, the correct setup of a systematic structure of informations into a system of classification to store the acquired data, and this process depends on the correct understanding of the theme. In order to standardize the acquisition and disclosure of information, it is therefore necessary to standardize the process of documentation as a whole, from the earliest steps of collection to the presentation of results. 'ConditionReport.it' software system allows the drafting and completion online of an actual 'condition report' for many different kind of artworks, thanks to a flexible and interactive software that can be adjusted according to the different public or private requirements, creating personalized documents. Some examples will illustrate the potential of the system as a standardization of the documentation process for conservation and restoration of different types of cultural heritage, and also as management system for data from different sources.
Digital Epigraphic Heritage Made Simple: an Android App for Exploring 3D Roman Inscriptions
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Ramírez, Manuel; Suárez, Jose Pablo; Trujillo, Agustín; Fernández, Pablo; Santana, Jose Miguel; Ortega, Sebastián; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Spain keeps an exceptional epigraphic heritage, dated from the Roman civilization, that integrates thousands of Latin inscriptions nowadays disseminated along the Iberian peninsula. For many purposes such as education, innovation, cataloging, study and dissemination of this type of historical documentation, a clear demand of placing all this epigraphic heritage into modern 3D graphics, internet and mobile devices is increasing. We present the novel 'Epigraphia 3D' for handheld devices, a native Android app for exploring a total of 60 Roman inscriptions from the National Museum of Roman Art (Mérida, Badajoz). The work emphasizes the 3D nature feature for navigating through the inscriptions, by using Glob3 Mobile, an open source GIS framework for visualizing the 3D inscriptions. Besides, an error analysis of the simplified models is tackled.
Experience Etruria: a Cross-media Platform for E-culture and Tourism
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Guidazzoli, Antonella; Bellavia, Giovanni; Luca, Daniele De; Liguori, Maria Chiara; Castiello, Lorenzo; Pirotti, Alessandro; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Experience Etruria aims at promoting the Italian Latium, Tuscany and Umbria regions starting from their common Etruscan roots, their landscape and food and wine wonders. The project includes a web portal, a downloadable and printable map with 4 sensory routes, related to local food and Etruscan sites and museums, and an emotional video. The video merges Computer Graphics and real-life shootings, joining a trend that is spreading among the educational productions.
Feature Identification in Archaeological Fragments Using Families of Algebraic Curves
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Torrente, Maria-Laura; Biasotti, Silvia; Falcidieno, Bianca; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
A method is proposed to identify and localize semantic features like anatomical characteristics or decorations on digital artefacts or fragments, even if the features are partially damaged or incomplete. This technique is based on a novel generalization of the Hough transform. Its major advantages are the relative robustness to noise and the recognition power also in the case of partial features. Our experiments on digital models of real artefacts show the potential of the method, which can work on both 3D meshes and point clouds.
A Framework for Compact and Improved Panoramic VR Dissemination
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Fanini, Bruno; D'Annibale, Enzo; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Panoramic capture devices in Cultural Heritage are becoming widely available to consumer market, also due to comfortable interactive online dissemination and to the growth of VR segment. VR fruition through an HMD although, requires a virtual 3D representation to provide consistency in terms of experience, scale and spatial perception, overcoming limitations of standard approaches in orientation+positional HMD tracking model. However, modeling of 3D scenes and especially optimization of acquired dataset, are often time-consuming tasks: these are further stressed when dealing with latency-free demands of latest HMDs. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for panoramic acquisition and an improved data model for VR dissemination: spherical panoramas, omnidirectional depth-maps and semantic annotations are encoded into a compact, coherent representation that suits modern HMD needs and low-cost VR devices. We describe advantages of our approach in terms of acquisition pipeline, presence and depth perception in HMDs fruition, discussing also visualization efficiency in online contexts. We present a few case studies where we applied the methodology and the workflow we adopted, comparing results. We discuss integration of existing desktop toolkits into the pipeline, dissemination capabilities through recent WebVR API and framework advantages for immersive VR panoramic video streaming.
GCH 2016: Frontmatter
(Eurographics Association, 2016) Chiara Eva Catalano; Livio De Luca;

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